高蛋白饮用型纯益生菌发酵乳的研制

以鲜牛乳和浓缩牛奶蛋白为主要原料,以酸度和感官评价为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定高蛋白饮用型纯益生菌发酵乳的最佳发酵工艺条件。结果表明,高蛋白饮用型纯益生菌发酵乳的最佳发酵工艺条件为浓缩牛奶蛋白添加量6.0%,发酵剂接种量2.0%、发酵温度43 ℃、二次无菌均质压力4 MPa。在此优化条件下,制得的高蛋白饮用型纯益生菌发酵乳感官评分达到89分,酸度129.1 °T,口感清爽顺滑,组织状态良好,理化及微生物指标均符合国家相关标准。     

醋糟的研究与利用现状

为了减少醋糟对环境的污染,利用现代生物发酵技术,变废为宝,实现了醋糟资源的再利用.文章介绍了醋糟在饲料生产、栽培基质、食品酿造、产业化利用等方面的研究与应用情况,从而为醋糟资源再利用的产业化发展提供参考和依据.     

响应面法优化黑曲霉HQ-1产纤维素酶固体发酵条件

采用单因素试验和响应面法对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger) HQ-1产纤维素酶的固体发酵条件进行了优化并以滤纸酶活力作为响应值.首先通过单因素试验确定最适碳源为玉米秸秆粉/麦麸(1/1)及其最适含量为12.0g;最适氮源为(NH4)2SO4及其最适含量为1.5g.再利用Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响滤纸酶活力的显著因素:含水量、培养温度和起始pH值.通过最陡爬坡试验逼近最大酶活力区域.最后用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析确定产酶的最佳发酵条件为玉米秸秆粉6.0g、麦麸6.0g、(NH4) 2SO4 1.5g、KH2PO41.6g、MgSO4· 7H2O 0.8g、含水量73.5%、起始pH值为3.91、培养温度和培养时间分别为33.9℃和96h.经过优化,滤纸酶活力最高为59.432U/g,比未优化的酶活力最高值(13.511U/g)提高了3.40倍.     

总状毛霉紫外诱变及发酵提取壳聚糖初探

为了提高壳聚糖产量,通过对紫外诱变处理总状毛霉及发酵条件的研究,初步确定了不同发酵培养条件对总状毛霉产壳聚糖的影响,结果表明:发酵液培养基的蔗糖为50 g/L、酵母膏为2.0 g/L、硝酸钠为3.5 g/L、磷酸氢二钾为1.0 g/L、硫酸镁为0.2 g/L和硫酸铁为0.2 g/L,发酵温度控制在30℃,培养时间为48 h,壳聚糖产量为1.12 g/L。     

枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵玉米粉的研究

以玉米粉为原料,选用枯草芽孢杆菌进行固态发酵,研究适宜的发酵条件及发酵对玉米粉营养成分的影响。试验结果表明,适宜的发酵条件为:发酵时间72 h,接种量15%,料水比为1∶0.4,硫酸铵添加量为1.5%。发酵产物中淀粉含量显著下降,降解率达到37.76%(70.48%~43.87%)。淀粉相对分子质量显著下降(1.07×106~3.86×105)。可溶性糖含量提高了171.9%(11.96%~32.52%),其中还原糖含量提高了2.1倍(3.94%~12.22%),糊精含量提高了3.22倍(3.77%~15.94%)。枯草芽孢杆菌发酵玉米粉能显著提高可溶性糖的含量,从而改善饲用品质。     

Feasibility of biohydrogen production at low temperatures in unbuffered reactors

Feasibility of biohydrogen production by dark fermentation at two temperatures (22 °C and 37 °C) in unbuffered batch reactors was evaluated using heat-treated compost as inocula and sucrose as substrate, without any initial pH adjustment or inorganic nutrient supplements. Gas production was quantified by two different pressure release methods – intermittent pressure release (IPR) and continuous pressure release (CPR). Hydrogen production (47.2 mL/g COD/L) and sucrose-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (53%) were both found to be highest at the lower temperature and IPR conditions. Hydrogen production was higher at the lower temperature irrespective of the pressure release condition. The high yield of 4.3 mol of hydrogen/mole of sucrose obtained in this study under IPR conditions at 22 °C is equivalent to or better than the literature values reported for buffered reactors. Even though literature reports have implied potential inhibition of hydrogen production at high hydrogen partial pressures resulting from IPR conditions, our results did not show any negative effects at hydrogen partial pressures exceeding 5.0 × 10⁴ Pa. While our findings are contrary to literature reports, they make a strong case for cost-effective hydrogen production by dark fermentation.     

Next‐Generation Sequencing Analyses of Bacterial Community Structures in Soybean Pastes Produced in Northeast China

Fermented soybean foods contain nutritional components including easily digestible peptides, cholesterol‐free oils, minerals, and vitamins. Various fermented soybean foods have been developed and are consumed as flavoring condiments in Asian regions. While the quality of fermented soybean foods is largely affected by microorganisms that participate in the fermentation process, our knowledge about the microorganisms in soybean pastes manufactured in Northeast China is limited. The current study used a culture‐independent barcoded pyrosequencing method targeting hypervariable V1/V2 regions of the 16S rRNA gene to evaluate Korean doenjang and soybean pastes prepared by the Hun Chinese (SPHC) and Korean minority (SPKM) populations in Northeast China. In total, 63399 high‐quality sequences were derived from 16 soybean paste samples collected in Northeast China. Each bacterial species‐level taxon of SPHC, SPKM, and Korean doenjang was clustered separately. Each paste contained representative bacterial species that could be distinguished from each other: Bacillus subtilis in SPKM, Tetragenococcus halophilus in SPHC, and Enterococcus durans in Korean doenjang. This is the 1st massive sequencing‐based study analyzing microbial communities in soybean pastes manufactured in Northeast China, compared to Korean doenjang. Our results clearly showed that each soybean paste contained unique microbial communities that varied depending on the manufacturing process and location.     

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and ruminal fermentation of dairy calves fed starter diets with alfalfa hay versus corn silage as forage and soybean oil versus palm fatty acids as fat source

The present study was intended to evaluate the effect of forage source (alfalfa hay; ALF vs. corn silage; CS) along with a supplemental fat source (soybean oil; SO vs. rumen-inert palm fatty acids; PF) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in dairy calves. Forty-eight new-born Holstein female calves (3 d old) were assigned to one of 4 treatments: (1) alfalfa hay with soybean oil (ALF–SO); (2) alfalfa hay with palm fatty acids (ALF–PF); (3) corn silage with soybean oil (CS–SO); (4) corn silage with palm fatty acids (CS–PF). Starter diets had equal amounts of forage (100 g/kg dry matter; DM) and fat source (30 g/kg DM). Calves were fed a constant amount of milk (d 1 to 63) and had ad libitum access to water and starters (d 1 to 83). The lowest and greatest starter intakes during the preweaning period occurred in ALF–SO and CS–PF, respectively. This coincided with forage × fat source interaction for average daily gain (ADG) during preweaning. The forage source affected total DM intake and ADG over the entire period, body weight (BW) at weaning, and final BW with greater values in calves that received CS compared with ALF. The concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids and butyrate were increased, whereas concentration of acetate and acetate:propionate ratio were decreased in the rumen of calves fed CS compared with ALF. Feeding CS increased urinary excretion of allantoin and, as a trend, total purine derivatives (PD) and estimated microbial protein synthesis in comparison with ALF. The fat source affected starter intake, ADG, and BW postweaning with the highest values in PF. The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, crude protein and, as a trend, organic matter were higher in calves fed PF compared with SO. Calves fed PF had lower ruminal ammonia-N concentration and urinary N excretion and greater urinary excretion of allantoin and total PD. Calves receiving SO had a lower ruminal protozoa population. In conclusion, supplementing starter diets with CS and PF is superior to ALF and SO. Interaction of the positive effects of CS and PF on performance underlines that concurrent supplementation of CS with PF is especially recommendable in young calves before weaning.