转谷氨酰胺酶交联木瓜蛋白酶水解产物改善大豆分离蛋白乳化特性的研究

为获得适宜添加到冰淇淋等冷冻食品中的大豆分离蛋白（SPI）,利用转谷氨酰胺酶交联木瓜蛋白酶酶解大豆分离蛋白产物来改善大豆蛋白的乳化特性。将样品经高压均质制成O/W型乳状液,研究不同水解程度的水解产物交联后对样品乳状液的粒度分布、表面积平均粒径、离心乳析率等的影响,同时研究了常温放置、低温放置（4℃）以及冷冻-解冻处理对酶改性蛋白乳状液聚集、聚结稳定性的影响。结果表明,SPI和中低度水解（DH2%¹0%）样品经转谷氨酰胺酶交联后乳化活性和乳化稳定性均显著提高,水解度10%样品交联后的乳化活性和乳化稳定性改善最显著。酶改性可以显著改善SPI新鲜乳状液的聚集稳定性,中度水解度（DH6%¹0%）SPI样品交联后聚集程度最低。冷藏不会明显损坏样品的聚集和聚结稳定性。冷冻-解冻处理使乳状液发生聚结现象,SPI乳状液的聚结程度最大,中度水解度（DH6%¹0%）样品交联后的聚结程度最小。因此,可将中度水解SPI交联样品用于对乳化特性要求较高的冰淇淋等冷冻食品中。      

Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Physical and Molecular Properties of Soy Protein Films

Films were cast from heated, alkaline aqueous solutions of soy protein (5 g/100 mL water) and glycerin (50% w/w of protein). Control and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated (13.0, 25.9,38.9, 51.8, 77.8, or 103.7 J/m²) films were evaluated for tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability (WVP), and Hunter L, a, and b color values. TS increased (p<0.05) linearly while E decreased linearly with UV dosage. WVP was not affected (P>0.05) by UV irradiation. UV treatment intensified the yellowish coloration of films (increased +b values). SDS-PAGE patterns for UV-treated samples revealed bands of aggregates, increasing in intensity with UV dosage, which were absent in control samples. These changes suggested UV-induced cross-linking in films.     

过氧化氢对大豆浓缩磷脂色泽的影响

大豆油加工过程中,向水化后的胶状物中加入过氧化氢,可以降低制备的大豆浓缩磷脂的色泽,但也会增加其过氧化值。研究发现,通过真空搅拌大豆浓缩磷脂,可以有效降低过氧化值,提升大豆浓缩磷脂的品质,提高附加值。     

大豆分离蛋白与小麦面筋蛋白共混的可食性复合包装膜研究

采用正交实验方法制备加入丙酸钙的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)与小麦面筋蛋白(WGP)复合薄膜,从力学性能、透水性、透氧性理化指标方面来比较蛋白质复合膜性能的优劣,结果发现,SPI-WGP复合膜性能比较优异,从中找出最优化的水平组合.     

Textural and pasting properties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as affected by storage temperature

Fresh tubers from five potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were stored at different temperatures (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 °C) and 80–90% relative humidity for 18 weeks after harvest to examine the effect of storage temperature on their textural and pasting properties. Texture profile analysis was performed on raw and cooked potatoes using an Instron universal testing machine to measure textural parameters such as fracturability, hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and springiness. Both raw and cooked potato tubers showed a considerable reduction in all textural parameters upon storage, irrespective of the storage temperature employed. Raw potatoes showed a decrease in fracturability and hardness with increasing storage temperature, whereas their cooked counterparts showed the opposite trend. The extent of change in the textural properties of both raw and cooked potatoes also varied among the different cultivars. Fresh and stored tubers from all cultivars were freeze‐dried, ground into flours and analysed for amylose content and pasting properties. The amylose content of flours prepared from potatoes stored at 4 and 8 °C was observed to be considerably lower than that of flours prepared from potatoes stored at 16 and 20 °C. Pasting characteristics such as peak viscosity, setback and final viscosity increased with increasing storage temperature, while the reverse was observed for pasting temperature, when studied using a rapid visco analyser. Breakdown in viscosity of the flour pastes from all cultivars was considerably reduced during storage, irrespective of the storage temperature employed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isolation and characterization of proteins from soymilk residue (okara)

Protein was extracted from okara at pH 9.0 and 80 °C for 30 min, giving a recovery of 53% protein. The extracted protein was isolated by isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.5, and the dried, defatted protein isolates (prepared at 25 and 80 °C) had over 80% protein.

The okara protein isolates have essential amino acid profiles similar to the FAO scoring pattern, and high in vitro protein digestibility, with methionine and cysteine as the limiting amino acids. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that okara protein isolates had a large quantity of high molecular weight components suggesting protein aggregation. Differential scanning calorimetry and hydrophobicity data suggested extensive protein unfolding in the okara products.

Okara protein isolates had lower solubility than a commercial soy protein isolate at both acidic and alkaline pH, probably due to protein aggregation. Other functional properties, including emulsifying, water and fat binding, and foaming properties, were found to be comparable to the commercial soy isolate.     

pH‐sensitive alginate/soy protein microspheres as drug transporter

The complex microspheres based on alginate (AL) and soy protein isolate (SPI) were prepared by solution blending and then Ca²⁺ crosslinking, and their function as drug carrier was explored as well. The effects of composition on the structures of microspheres were studied, and the XRD results proved the miscibility between components. Meanwhile, FTIR results suggested that such miscibility was driven by strong hydrogen bonding. Especially, the complex microsphere with equal content of AL and SPI had the best miscibility by morphological analysis, shown as a smooth and uniform surface of SEM images. The controlled release function of the complex microspheres was verified using theophylline as a drug model, that is, the swelling and drug release were affected by pH conditions and showed obvious differences under given pH of stomach, intestine, and colon. Moreover, the intestine and colon may be optimal site for prompt release of drugs. Except for the attribution of AL component to pH sensitivity, the complex microspheres also inherited the bioactivity of SPI component, which may lower irritants of drug to the tissues in body. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Effect of lipids on soy protein isolate solubility

Reduced-lipid soy protein isolate (SPI), prepared from soy flour treated so that most of the polar lipids have been removed, exhibited an increase in protein solubility of 50% over that of the control SPI prepared from hexane-defatted flour. Adding lipids from a commercial SPI during processing of reduced-lipid SPI decreased SPI solubility by 46%. The 19% decreased solubility caused by the lipids (primarily phospholipids) was largely recovered by treating the protein with a reducing agent (2-mercaptoethanol). The balance of protein insolubility, caused by the lipids, was attributed to a smaller lipid fraction (approximately 5% of the total lipids). Adding lipids during SPI processing contributed to both the formation of oxidized protein sulfhydryls, incapable of being reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol, and to oxidative deterioration of protein as determined by protein carbonyl contents.     

High-Protein Texturized Products of Defatted Soy Flour, Corn Starch and Beef: Shelf-Life, Physical and Sensory Properties

Selected mixes consisting of Bf [high-beef (29%) low-fat (2.96%)], bf [low-beef (20%) low-fat] and BF [high-beef high-fat (5%)] which incorporated raw beef, defatted soy flour, and corn starch were extruded in a single-screw extruder. The products had no flavor additives and trained sensory panelists detected hay-like, beany or grainy flavors. Bf extrudate was more expanded than BF extrudate and rated least hard by the sensory panel, whereas bf extrudate was least susceptible to lipid oxidation. Bf and bf extrudates showed microstruc-tures with large air cells. All three showed advantages of beef and soy flour in amino acid and fatty acid compositions, respectively, and were microbiologically safe during prolonged storage at 37°C.