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51.
The mechanical property and phase structures of wheat proteins/polyvinyl alcohol blends studied by high-resolution solid-state NMR 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The phase structures of thermally processed wheat proteins (WP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) blends were studied by solid-state high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The intermolecular interactions among the multi-component systems and the behavior of each component in the blends on scales of nanometers were examined. The mechanical properties of the blends were also measured and related to the phase structure studies. The results indicated that the polymer chains of WP could be homogeneously mobilized when thermally processed with glycerol and water as plasticisers, but the glycerol predominately associated with WP rather than PVOH in the blends. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between WP and PVOH caused some extent of miscibility in the system on scales of nanometers especially when the PVOH content was low. The tensile strength and modulus of the blends were improved as compared to WP. However, the intermolecular interactions were relatively weak and could not be further enhanced by increasing PVOH component in the blends. The particle miscible WP/PVOH blends contained plasticised WP and PVOH phases in conjunction with the miscible WP/PVOH phase. Increasing the PVOH content in the blends did not result in an increase of the percentage of the miscible phase and the blends tented to be immiscible while the elongation of the blends was reduced when increasing the PVOH content in the blends. 相似文献
52.
Elizabeth?Gutierrez Tong?WangEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(10):971-977
Soybeans are believed to be a rich source of sphingolipids, a class of polar lipids that has received attention for their
possible cancer-inhibiting activities. The effect of processing on the sphingolipid content of various soybean products has
not been determined. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the major sphingolipid type in soybeans, was measured in several processed
soybean products to illustrate which product(s) GlcCer is partitioned into during processing and where it is lost. Whole soybeans
were processed into full-fat flakes, from which crude oil was extracted. Crude oil was refined by conventional methods, and
defatted soy flakes were further processed into alcohol-washed and acid-washed soy protein concentrates (SPC) and soy protein
isolates (SPI) by laboratory-scale methods that simulated industrial practices. GlcCer was isolated from the samples by solvent
extraction, solvent partition, and TLC and was quantified by HPLC. GlcCer remained mostly within the defatted soy flakes (91%)
rather than in the oil (9%) after oil extraction. Only 52, 42, and 26% of GlcCer from defatted soy flakes was recovered in
the acid-washed SPC, alcohol-washed SPC, and SPI products, respectively. All protein products had a similar GlcCer concentration
of about 281 nmol/g (dry wt basis). The minor quantity of GlcCer in the crude oil was almost completely removed by water degumming. 相似文献
53.
A novel technique for the preparation of secondary fatty amides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alexander Bilyk Raymond G. Bistline Jr. George J. Piazza Stephen H. Feairheller Michael J. Haas 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(5):488-491
A technique for the synthesis of monosubstituted fatty amides at low temperature and ambient pressure was developed. This
method involved the condensation of an amine with a triacylglycerol. The primary amine (ethyl,n-butyl,n-hexyl andn-octyl were tested) acted as reagent and solvent for the fatty substrates. No additional organic solvent or catalyst was added.
Tallow, vegetable oils and fish oil all served well as substrates, as did pure tripalmitin. The rate of amidation was dependent
upon temperature and the ratio of fat to amine. In a series of experiments conducted with tallow andn-butylamine at a fat:amine molar ratio of 1:16, amidation could be carried out at 20°C, producingn-butyltallowamide in 83% yield in 24 hr. When the fat:amine molar ratio was reduced to 1:8, and the temperature raised to
45°C, the amide yield was 87.6% in 24 hr. When the reaction was carried out at the boiling point ofn-butylamine (78°C) and at a fat:amine ratio of 1:8, the amide yield was 93.2% in 4 hr. The reaction progressed more rapidly
with higher molecular weight amines. The identity and purity of the amides was assessed by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed
by elemental analyses and infrared and C13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 相似文献
54.
55.
乙。嗪可湿性粉剂虽一次性大豆田除草剂。试验结果表明,亩用有效剂量60克,除草效果达90%以上,对大豆安全,扩大了杀草谱,可防除整个大豆生长期杂草。 相似文献
56.
Soybean oil (900 g) was heated by deep frying at 200°C for 1 h with the addition of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL water, and
then stored at 55°C for 26 weeks. Soybean oil, corn oil and lard were heated by stir frying and then stored at 55°C for 30
weeks. The volatiles and peroxide values of these samples were monitored. All samples contained aldehydes as major volatiles.
During heating and storage, total volatiles increased 260-1100-fold. However, aldehyde content decreased from 62–87% to 47–67%,
while volatile acid content increased from 1–6% to 12–33%; especially hexanoic acid which increased to 26–350 ppm in the oils
after the storage period was completed. Water addition to the oils heated by deep frying tended to retard the formation of
volatile compounds. The total amount of volatile constituents of lard heated by stir frying increased more during storage
than that of corn oil or soybean oil. Peroxide values did not reflect the changes of volatile content in the samples. 相似文献
57.
1994-1995年通过室内盆栽和田间试验示范结果表明,应用甲基异柳磷与多菌灵和硼钼微肥混配拦种,对大豆安全无害,对大事产根潜蝇,根腐病和大豆胞囊线虫病防效分别为93.1%,64.9%和67.6,比不处理对照增产12.0-30.3%。 相似文献
58.
Preparation of glycol derivatives of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acids and their potential as lubricants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hemendra N. Basu Ellen M. Robley Max E. Norris 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(11):1227-1230
Glycol diesters and mixtures of mono- and diesters have been prepared from methyl esters of partially hydrogenated soybean
oil fatty acids and diethylene, dipropylene, neopentyl and triethylene glycols. The catalyst used in these reactions was a
mixture of calcium acetate/barium acetate (3∶1, w/w). The reactions were carried out under nitrogen with 0.5% catalyst at
temperatures in the range of 190–275°C. Borated esters of mixed mono- and diesters were prepared with 0.33 equivalent of boric
acid per 1.0 equivalent hydroxyl group on the ester. Refractive indices, viscosities, and flash and fire points were determined
for diesters, mixed mono- and diesters, and mixed diesters and borated esters. The viscosities, flash points and fire points
indicate that these esters can be used as a component of lubricating oils. Wear-prevention characteristics of mixed diesters
and borated esters indicated that they can be used as antifriction additives in lubricating oils.
Lecture presented at the joint meeting of the International Society for Fat Research and the American Oil Chemists' Society
in Toronto, May 10, 1992. 相似文献
59.
溴氟菊酯防治大豆食心虫,大豆蚜,甘蓝夜蛾试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1992~1995年用10%溴氟菊酯乳油对大豆食心虫、大豆蚜、甘蓝夜蛾进行了小区试验。结果表明,该药对上述三种害虫具有良好的防效。l000倍液对大豆食心虫防治效果与20%甲氰菊酯乳油2000倍液相当,达到392.9%以上;用1000~2000倍液防治大豆蚜,药后7天防效达88.5%以上;用500~1500倍液防治甘蓝夜蛾,药后7天均达到了84.6%以上的防治效果。而且对作物安全。 相似文献
60.
Pramod Kandanarachchi Andrew Guo Dmytro Demydov Zoran Petrovic 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(12):1221-1225
The kinetics and mechanism of the hydroformylation of soybean oil by homogeneous ligand-modified rhodium catalysts were investigated
at 70–130°C and 4000–11,000 kPa. The effects of reaction rates on systematic variations in reaction parameters were evaluated
in order to develop an industrial process to convert vegetable oils to polyaldehydes. The activation energies in the presence
of triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) (61.1±0.8 kJ/mol) (mean±SD) and triphenyl phosphite [(PhO)3P] (77.4±5.0 kJ/mol) were determined. The catalyst was deactivated at temperatures higher than 100°C. An evaluation of the
effects of the reaction parameters on initial rates yielded the rate laws for Ph3P {rate=k [olefin][Rh(CO)2Acac]1.1 [Ph3P]−0.5 (pH2+pCO)1.4, where Rh(CO)2Acac is (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (I)} and (PhO)3P {rate=[olefin] [Rh(CO)2Acac]1.2 [(PhO)3P]−0.8 (pH2+pCO)0.9 at total pressures lower than 7000 kPa, and rate =[olefin] [Rh(CO)2Acac]1.2 [(PhO)3P]−0.8(pH2+pCO)1.7 at total pressures higher than 7000 kPa}. 相似文献