豆渣异黄酮超声提取工艺的响应曲面法优化

根据中心组合试验设计原理.通过30个试验,其中有6个样本的中心点,以异黄酮提取率作为响应值.考察超声时间、超声功率、乙醇浓度和固液比对豆渣异黄酮提取率的影响,确定豆渣异黄酮超声提取的二阶多项式模型.试验结果很好地拟合模型及对85%以上的差异做了解释,最优化的条件为66%乙醇、液固比 1:20、超声功率586 W、超声时间 34 min,浸提率可达 1.204%.试验值在95%的置信区间符合预测值,从而表明,RSM 优化的模型适合于豆渣异黄酮的提取.     

大豆脱皮工艺及其对大豆取油工艺效果的影响

大豆脱皮不仅是大豆浸出取油工艺中生产低温豆粕必要的前处理工序,也应在生产高温饲用豆粕的大豆浸出取油工艺中推广应用。其目的是,提高豆粕的蛋白质含量,增加浸出设备的处理量,降低湿粕的含溶量和残油量,减少生产过程的能量消耗,改善油品质量。     

利用豆粕制作保健食品

经过脱脂的大豆粕含有丰富的营养成分及微量活性物质。具有综合利用及开发各种保健品基料的可能性。主要微量活性物有大豆皂甙、大豆低聚糖、大豆异黄酮等,是开发抗衰老、降血脂及预防糖尿病功能食品的最好的原料。也是防治高血脂症、肥胖症、心血管疾病药物有希望开发的药物因子。     

HPLC separation and wavelength area ratios of more than 50 phenolic acids and flavonoids

Relative retention times and wavelength area ratios for over 50 standard compounds were calculated using reverse-phase HPLC. The standard compounds analyzed included benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, benzene carboxylic acids, acetic acids, coumarins, benzaldehydes and a variety of flavonoid compounds including flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, and their glycosides. Each standard compound was chromatographed by three different gradient elutions. Compounds were detected by UV absorption at 254 nm and 280 nm. Relative retention times with respect to two different internal references and the 254nm: 280nm wavelength area ratio was determined for each standard. Soybean root and seed extracts were analyzed for the presence of the standard compounds using the chromatographic conditions described.     

Extraction of oleic acid from soybean oil and jojoba oil-phase diagrams

Formamide,N-methylformamide,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,2-butanediol, and 2-butane-1,4-diol were considered as potential extractants of fatty acids from soybean and jojoba oils. Ternary liquid-liquid phase diagrams at 298.15 K, distribution, and selectivity coefficients of oleic acid are reported. Of the investigated solvents, onlyN-methylformamide and 1,2-butanediol have desirable extraction characteristics.     

大豆和豆粕混合发酵酱油工艺的研究

本文研究了大豆、豆粕混合料进行酿造酱油的工艺。研究表明用混合料发酵,酱油的产率高、质量好和生产成本合理。     

Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton

Actin-associated proteins (AAPs) act on monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and polymerized filamentous actin (F-actin) to regulate their dynamics and architectures which ultimately control cell movement, shape change, division; organelle localization and trafficking. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are a subset of AAPs. Since actin was discovered as a myosin-activating protein (hence named actin) in 1942, the protein has also been found to be expressed in non-muscle cells, and numerous AAPs continue to be discovered. This review article lists all of the AAPs discovered so far while also allowing readers to sort the list based on the names, sizes, functions, related human diseases, and the dates of discovery. The list also contains links to the UniProt and Protein Atlas databases for accessing further, related details such as protein structures, associated proteins, subcellular localization, the expression levels in cells and tissues, mutations, and pathology. Because the actin cytoskeleton is involved in many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, invasion, and developmental diseases, small molecules that target actin and AAPs which hold potential to treat these diseases are also listed.     

Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or thermal hysteresis (TH) proteins are biomolecular gifts of nature to sustain life in extremely cold environments. This family of peptides, glycopeptides and proteins produced by diverse organisms including bacteria, yeast, insects and fish act by non-colligatively depressing the freezing temperature of the water below its melting point in a process termed thermal hysteresis which is then responsible for ice crystal equilibrium and inhibition of ice recrystallisation; the major cause of cell dehydration, membrane rupture and subsequent cryodamage. Scientists on the other hand have been exploring various substances as cryoprotectants. Some of the cryoprotectants in use include trehalose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), sucrose, propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol but their extensive application is limited mostly by toxicity, thus fueling the quest for better cryoprotectants. Hence, extracting or synthesizing antifreeze protein and testing their cryoprotective activity has become a popular topic among researchers. Research concerning AFPs encompasses lots of effort ranging from understanding their sources and mechanism of action, extraction and purification/synthesis to structural elucidation with the aim of achieving better outcomes in cryopreservation. This review explores the potential clinical application of AFPs in the cryopreservation of different cells, tissues and organs. Here, we discuss novel approaches, identify research gaps and propose future research directions in the application of AFPs based on recent studies with the aim of achieving successful clinical and commercial use of AFPs in the future.     

Blood Thiol Redox State in Chronic Kidney Disease

Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients.