浅谈耐盐性酵母菌对传统酿造酱油风味的作用

传统酱油酿造是多菌种协同发酵的过程,其中耐盐酵母可以产生大量香味物质,对酱油的发酵及其风味的形成有着重要的作用.该文对酱油的生产工艺、酱油的香气成分、耐盐酵母菌对酱油风味的影响等方面做了一定的综述.     

细菌胞壁破碎条件优化及高肽酶菌株的筛选

为构建细菌总肽酶活力的测定方法,筛选出肽酶高产的益酵细菌,采用单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验,以反应体系中游离氨基酸总量为肽酶活力指标,对细菌细胞破碎条件进行优化并测定供试菌株的总肽酶活力。结果表明,超声-酶解法破碎细菌细胞的最佳条件为:溶菌酶添加量200μL、超声功率400 W、时间4 min、时间间隔3 s。在此条件下测定153株革兰氏阳性杆菌的总肽酶活力,筛选出肽酶高产革兰氏阳性杆菌11株,分别是DF2-1、ZM1-1、ZM2-1、ZM3-1、DF3-1、DF3-2-1、ZMJ-5、ZMJ-2-6、ZMJ-1-1、DFM-4和WCF-2。     

酱油粉的生产与发展

酱油粉是指以鲜酱油为基础原料再添加其他辅料,利用原料风味的协同作用,配合调香、调色、调鲜之后,进行喷雾干燥而制成的一种固体粉末酱油。该文论述了酱油粉的发展历程及国内外的发展情况、酱油粉的发展现状、发展中存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势。     

活性干酵母在酱油中的应用

酵母菌在酱油及酱类生产中能产生特殊的香味,是酱香的重要来源;在酱油生产中添加酱油活性干酵母,能使酱油中的乙醇和总酯的含量等指标明显提高,酱油品质显著改善;酱油活性干酵母作为一种活性干菌体使用、存储也非常方便.     

高温豆粕肽粉的苦味及ACE抑制活性研究

以高温豆粕为原料,Alcalase2．4L酶为催化剂,通过L9（3^4）止交试验,获得制备ACE抑制肽的最佳条件为：底物浓度4％、酶活力1500U／g、pH值8．5、温度50℃,此时ACE抑制活性达到78．85％。在此基础上,采用毛霉蛋白酶酶解3h、6h和l％、2％的β-环糊精（β-CD）包埋进行脱苦处珲,试验结果表明,1％的β-CD包埋对高温豆粕酶解液具有最佳的脱苦和最人保存其ACE抑制沂性的作用。     

Neriifolin S, a dimeric serine protease from Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.: Purification and biochemical characterisation

A dimeric serine protease Neriifolin S of molecular mass 94 kDa with milk clotting activity has been purified from the latex of Euphorbia neriifolia by anion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. It hydrolyses peptidyl substrates l-Ala-pNA with highest affinity (K_m of 0.195 mM) and physiological efficiency (K_cat/K_m of 144.5 mM s). Enzyme belongs to the class of neutral proteases with pI value of 6.8, optimal proteolytic activity displayed at pH 9.5 and temperature 45 °C. Its proteolytic activity is strongly stimulated in the presence of Ca⁺² ions and exclusively inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. Enzyme is fairly stable toward chemical denaturants, pH and temperature. The apparent T_m, was found to be 65 °C. Thermal inactivation follow first order kinetics with activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH∗), free energy change (ΔG∗) and entropy (ΔS∗) of 27.54 kJ mol⁻¹, 24.89 kJ mol⁻¹, −82.34 kJ mol⁻¹ and 337.20 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹.     

Identification of a gamma-irradiated ingredient (garlic powder) in Korean barbeque sauce by thermoluminescence analysis

Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis was applied to identify gamma-irradiated garlic powder in Korean barbeque sauce before and after pasteurization (85 °C, 30 min), when blended in different ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%). The sauce sample with nonirradiated garlic powder gave a background glow curve. However, the sample blended with irradiated ingredient (1 and 10 kGy) showed typical TL glow curves at temperatures of 150 to 200 °C. The identification properties of sauce samples were more influenced by blending ratios than by irradiation doses, showing that 3% and 5% added samples produced glow curves at 150 to 250 °C. After pasteurization of the samples containing the irradiated ingredient, TL glow intensity decreased but did not change its shape or temperature range. As a result, the pasteurization of Barbeque sauces containing irradiated ingredients had reduced TL glow intensity, but the shape and temperature range of glow curve were still able to provide information required for confirming irradiation treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: To monitor the irradiated food in international market, thermoluminescence (TL) analysis is considered most promising identification technique because of its sensitivity and long-term stability. In this study the applicability of TL analysis to detect an irradiated ingredient (garlic powder) added in low quantity to a food matrix (sauce) was investigated. The effect of processing (pasteurization) on TL results was also evaluated.     

Quality, antioxidative ability, and cell proliferation-enhancing activity of fermented black soybean broths with various supplemental culture medium

The fermented soybean-based foods have played an important role in traditional diets around the world for many centuries, and Bacillus subtilis is typically used in the fermentation of soybean-based foods. The fermentation process may improve not only the flavor but also the nutritional value of food, and substances produced in this fermented broth were affected by many factors including culture medium and the selected soybeans. In this study, we use 3 potential culture mediums in the fermentation of black soybean and the fermented black soybean broths were used for the examination of amino acid composition, total phenolics content, flavonoids and anthocyanins contents, the antioxidant properties, and cytotoxicity. Our results indicated that the fermented black soybean broth, fermentation III, have the most abundant essential amino acid (79.77 mg/g), phenolics (19.33 mg/g), flavonoids (46.01 mg/g), and anthocyanins (1.06 mg/g). Besides, all of the fermented black soybean broths exhibited the significant antioxidative abilities with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating effect. In addition, the fermented black soybean broths demonstrated the cell proliferation-enhancing activity in Detroit 551 cells. The cells were augmented up to the maximum value of 183.6% (compared with control) at 10 mg/mL of the fermentation I. Therefore, the different supplemental culture medium fermented black soybean broths may be used as a functional ingredient in the products of nutritional drinks and health foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present study illustrated the potential of various supplemental culture medium fermented black soybean broths in the application of functional ingredient for nutritional drinks and health foods.     

大豆卵磷脂胶囊对高脂血症人群降血脂功能

探讨大豆卵磷脂对高脂血症人群辅助降血脂作用.将106例高脂血症者按血脂水平随机分为受试组和对照组,受试组连续服用受试物45 d.服用前后测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平和安全性指标.试食后受试组TC水平明显下降,下降率为10.78％,自身前后比较及与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);TG水平明显下降,下降率为15.92％,自身前后比较及与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);HDL-C水平升高01l mmol/L,与对照组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).各项安全性指标试验前后均无明显改变.大豆卵磷脂对高脂血症人群具有辅助降血脂作用.     

茉莉花冰淇淋的制作工艺

随着人们消费观念的改变,保健与营养食品越来越受欢迎。研究以茉莉花、大豆、枸杞及椰果为主要原料,添加牛乳、奶粉、鸡蛋、人造奶油、白砂糖及黄原胶等制成冰淇淋的配方和工艺。试验结果表明:用30%大豆制成的冰淇淋在营养价值上几乎可与牛乳冰淇淋媲美,而添加1%的枸杞和4%椰果的茉莉花冰淇淋热量低,纤维素含量高,风味独特,感观上与普通冰淇淋没有差别且具有保健和生产成本低的优势,更适合加工全天然冰淇淋。因此,这种冰淇淋符合功能性食品发展的趋势,是一种具有茉莉花特有的芳香气味、品质优良、老少妇孺皆宜,集多功能于一体的新型保健食品。