Spray Dried Soymilk Used in Reduced Fat Pork Sausage Patties

Spray-dried soymilks (SDSM) prepared from standard and lipoxygenase-null soybeans were incorporated into reduced fat pork sausage (PS). Comparisons of fat content, tenderness and consumer acceptance of SDSM PS with cooked regular (～30% fat), lean (～13% fat) and car-rageenan (0.4%) formulations were made. SDSM mixtures had 50-60% less fat and 41% lower caloric content than regular PS. Protein content and cooking yield were higher in SDSM PS than in regular PS. Texture of lean PS was improved by addition of SDSM, without alteration of flavor. No differences in PS flavor were noted between SDSMs or among formulations.     

发酵酸豆乳脱腥工艺的研究

用大豆豆乳制作发酵酸豆乳的研究，在国内已经进行了大量的工作，生产工艺的问题已基本解决，但在实际的生产应用中较少。主要存在的问题是：豆乳的脱腥效果较差，严重影响了发酵酸豆乳的口感与风味，使消费者不易接受。本实验以大豆为基本原料，探讨了影响发酵酸豆乳脱腥的各种因素：大豆浸泡条件、大豆热处理条件、菌种的种类与接种量、豆乳浓度、产酸量、添加物如牛奶、糖等。结论表明：大豆采用微波热处理，经过0．1％总浓度的食盐与碳酸钾10h的浸泡，100％，20分钟的热处理，添加60％的牛奶或6．5％的全脂奶粉，制作的发酵酸豆乳脱腥效果最好。     

Soybean variety and storage effects on soymilk flavour and quality

Soymilk prepared from five soybean cultivars, grown in Ontario, were analysed for protein, oil, mineral composition, viscosity, colour, lipoxygenase (LOX) activities and flavour profile. Among the five soybean cultivars, the Vinton 81 variety contained the highest protein and the lowest fat. The yield of soymilk from all five cultivars was similar. Major differences were observed in viscosity and in the composition of both the soymilk and the okara. Higher protein and fat extractability was found in soymilk made from S08‐80 and Vinton 81 varieties. Their okara protein contents were also among the highest. Minimum extractability was observed with S03W4 cultivar. Soymilk made from S 03W4 and Vinton 81 cultivars had the whitest colour (lowest ΔE values). Viscosity values were the highest for S08‐80, FG1 and S20‐20 varieties. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography was used to analyse volatile compounds in soymilk. A total of fourteen volatiles were identified, among which aldehydes and their corresponding alcohols were the major compounds. Similar volatile compounds were identified in all the samples analysed but at different concentrations. The highest LOX activity was observed in the Vinton 81 and S20‐20 soybean cultivars, which had the highest total volatile and hexanal contents. A positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.82) between enzymatic activity and the total volatiles was observed. Vinton 81 cultivar was subjected to storage (at 18 °C and 50% relative humidity) for a period of 10 months. Soymilk was prepared at different times during storage. The results showed that the soymilk colour, LOX and total volatiles were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the storage of the soybeans over time.     

野蓝莓、荞麦酸豆乳的研制

以大豆为主要原料，添加一定量的脱脂奶粉及荞麦糊等原、辅料，采用保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌1：1混合（sL）、两歧双歧杆菌（Bb）、嗜酸乳杆菌（La）四种乳酸菌进行发酵。发酵后用野蓝莓（笃斯越橘）果酱调配制成酸甜可口、风味浓郁的营养保健型酸豆乳。通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为：豆水比1：10，以此原料豆乳为基数，菌种配比SL：Bb：La为2：1：2，接种量3％，发酵时间6h，发酵温度37℃；各种辅料添加量为：荞麦糊5％，野蓝莓果酱10％，蔗糖6％，乳糖2％，稳定剂0．2％，脱脂奶粉5％。     

豆浆制备过程中大豆脂肪氧化酶的抑制与豆腥味量的关系

探讨大豆加工制备豆浆的过程中,有效抑制大豆脂肪氧化酶对降低豆腥味量的影响,为生产低含量豆腥味的豆浆提供理论与技术支持.通过抑制大豆脂肪氧化酶实验,即热水研磨大豆、热处理或化学处理大豆原料后再沸水研磨、大豆脱皮后隔氧研磨,对得到的豆浆样品采用静态顶空气相色谱质谱法测定13种豆腥味物质,比较定量数据获得最佳抑制脂肪氧化酶的...     

干法制浆工艺对豆浆品质的影响

采用高速粉碎机对大豆进行干法粉碎制取豆粉,以豆粉为原料分别制作熟浆豆浆和全豆豆浆,省去传统豆浆制作过程中的大豆浸泡工序。以豆浆平均粒径和稳定性为质量指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了豆浆制作工艺参数。结果表明:熟浆豆浆的最佳工艺参数为大豆粉碎时间120s、料水比1:11(g/mL)、保温时间30min;全豆豆浆的最佳工艺参数为大豆粉碎时间120 s、料水比1:12(g/mL)、保温时间15min。与传统全豆豆浆相比,干法全豆豆浆的平均粒径降低了66.43%,可溶性固形物以及可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高14.41%和16.57%;与传统熟浆豆浆相比,干法熟浆豆浆的平均粒径提高78.03%,可溶性固形物含量以及可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高42.36%和42.76%。干法工艺所制得的豆浆与传统豆浆相比在感官评价上无显著差异(P0.05)。     

豆浆在凝固过程中的动态流变特性研究

为了研究豆腐的凝固工序,实现豆腐的规格化和标准化生产,本研究对豆浆在凝固过程中的动态流变特性进行了研究,并进行了动力学分析。在凝固温度分别为75℃、80℃、85℃时进行动态时间扫描,得出豆浆的凝固过程由两段一级反应组成且符合连续一级反应模型;第一段反应速率远远大于第二段反应速率;根据弹性模量和黏性模量计算所得活化能分别为19.19×101 k J/mol和8.67×101 k J/mol;当温度小于70℃时,豆浆不能形成豆腐凝胶;当温度在75℃时,弹性模量G'和黏性模量G\"相交,豆浆的凝胶温度为75℃。通过动态温度扫描得出豆浆的凝固过程可分为三个阶段:诱导阶段(65~70℃),弹性模量G'和黏性模量G\"缓慢增大,豆浆体系中有絮状沉淀生成;加速阶段(70~92℃),弹性模量G'和黏性模量G\"急剧增大;稳定阶段(温度大于92℃),弹性模量G'和黏性模量G\"趋于稳定,凝胶反应结束,豆腐凝胶形成。     

改性大豆分离蛋白生产中性豆奶的研究

对豆奶加工中关键工艺参数（稳定剂配方、杀菌和均质）进行筛选,最终确定了以改性大豆分离蛋白为原料的调配型中性豆奶的基本配方和工艺参数。按此方法所生产的豆奶能保持稳定的组织状态,3个月以上不出现上浮和下浮现象,其主要指标均符合国家标准。     

延长鲜豆浆(豆乳)保质期的研究

豆浆(豆乳)保鲜一直是大豆业界的技术难题。为了保证豆浆(豆乳)良好的风味和常温下贮存的安全性，文中探讨了几种不同性能的食品防腐剂和巴氏杀菌工艺对延长豆浆(豆乳)保质期的可能性。试验证明，有少数防腐剂对豆浆(豆乳)具有较好的抑菌作用，可以适当延长产品的保质期，其中保鲜剂E可使巴氏杀菌的鲜豆浆(豆乳)产品在≤25℃条件下，保质期达到3d，37℃下保存1d。     

新型乳化剂在豆乳饮料中应用研究

确定以乳化剂在油中法制备乳状液,研究不同乳化剂在中性和酸性水油体系中乳化性能, 结果表明:在中性水油体系中时,三聚甘油酯和1:4复合蔗糖酯与单甘油酯乳化性能较好,其使用量分别为乳状液油量6.7%和8.0%;而对于酸性水油体系,亲水性单甘油酯乳化效果最好,其最佳用量为乳状液油量9.3%。