超微粉碎技术在豆腐加工中的研究进展

在豆腐的制备过程中,豆浆的制取方式十分重要,直接影响豆腐的凝胶强度、弹性、内聚性和口感。超微粉碎技术作为一种新兴的制浆技术,不仅能减小豆浆的粒径、赋予产品细腻的口感、改善原料的加工性能,还能在一定程度上避免豆渣中所含营养成分的流失,在豆浆及豆腐的制备过程中使用越来约普遍。本文综述了干法超微粉碎制浆技术和超声波、胶体磨、高压均质、超高压均质等湿法超微粉碎制浆技术的研究与应用现状,比较了各种制浆技术的优、缺点,并对今后豆腐制浆技术的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为加快研究\     

乳酸菌对发酵豆乳风味成分的影响

以实验室保藏的发酵豆乳感官特性具有差异的5株嗜热链球菌为对象,研究了乳酸菌α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶酶活和乳酸脱氢酶等关键酶的酶活性、发酵豆乳特性和挥发性风味成分间的相互关系。结果表明,发酵豆乳感官评价与乳酸菌的α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶和α-半乳糖苷酶呈现显著负相关和正相关,与风味成分2,3-丁二酮、2-庚酮和2-壬酮呈显著正相关,与正己醇、2,4-癸二烯醛和2-戊基呋喃呈显著负相关;发酵豆乳酸度值与乳酸菌的β-半乳糖苷酶和乳酸脱氢酶均呈显著正相关。     

干法制浆工艺对豆浆品质的影响

采用高速粉碎机对大豆进行干法粉碎制取豆粉,以豆粉为原料分别制作熟浆豆浆和全豆豆浆,省去传统豆浆制作过程中的大豆浸泡工序。以豆浆平均粒径和稳定性为质量指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了豆浆制作工艺参数。结果表明:熟浆豆浆的最佳工艺参数为大豆粉碎时间120s、料水比1:11(g/mL)、保温时间30min;全豆豆浆的最佳工艺参数为大豆粉碎时间120 s、料水比1:12(g/mL)、保温时间15min。与传统全豆豆浆相比,干法全豆豆浆的平均粒径降低了66.43%,可溶性固形物以及可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高14.41%和16.57%;与传统熟浆豆浆相比,干法熟浆豆浆的平均粒径提高78.03%,可溶性固形物含量以及可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高42.36%和42.76%。干法工艺所制得的豆浆与传统豆浆相比在感官评价上无显著差异(P0.05)。     

豆浆制备过程中大豆脂肪氧化酶的抑制与豆腥味量的关系

探讨大豆加工制备豆浆的过程中,有效抑制大豆脂肪氧化酶对降低豆腥味量的影响,为生产低含量豆腥味的豆浆提供理论与技术支持.通过抑制大豆脂肪氧化酶实验,即热水研磨大豆、热处理或化学处理大豆原料后再沸水研磨、大豆脱皮后隔氧研磨,对得到的豆浆样品采用静态顶空气相色谱质谱法测定13种豆腥味物质,比较定量数据获得最佳抑制脂肪氧化酶的...     

热灌装早餐豆奶加工中HACCP质量体系的建立和应用

阐述了热灌装早餐豆奶生产中危害分析和关键控制点及其临界值的确立,并建立了相应的监控程序,分析了对关键控制点偏离临界值的改正措施及对HACCP系统运行状况的验证与评价。     

豆乳凝固酶的研究进展

豆凝乳酶在豆乳凝固方面有广泛的应用前景,分离筛选一株高产豆凝乳酶且凝乳能力强的微生物菌株是解决豆乳凝固的关键。文中综述了近年来国内外有关豆乳凝固酶的研究进展,主要包括豆乳凝固酶的来源、凝乳机理及其替代品的研究,并指出豆乳凝固酶目前存在的问题。     

改性大豆分离蛋白生产中性豆奶的研究

对豆奶加工中关键工艺参数（稳定剂配方、杀菌和均质）进行筛选，最终确定了以改性大豆分离蛋白为原料的调配型中性豆奶的基本配方和工艺参数。按此方法所生产的豆奶能保持稳定的组织状态，3个月以上不出现上浮和下浮现象，其主要指标均符合国家标准。     

Soymilk concentration by ultrafiltration: effects of pore size and transmembrane pressure on filtration performance

The effects of membrane pore size and operating pressure on filtration flux, membrane fouling and solute rejections of soymilk during ultrafiltration were studied. Soymilk was concentrated from an initial level of 6.5% solid content to 20% solid content using ultrafiltration membranes. Hollow fibre cross‐flow type cartridges having molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) as 1, 10 and 30 kDa were used in the experiments. Filtration data were satisfactorily fitted to De La Garza and Boulton's exponential model to find the exponential fouling coefficient (k) and the membrane resistance (R_m). The permeate fluxes obtained in 10 and 30‐kDa MWCO membranes were found to be approximately four times higher than that of 1‐kDa MWCO membrane, at transmembrane pressure between 100 and 240 kPa. The average flux obtained was 0.7, 3.15 and 2.7 L m^?2‐h for 1, 10 and 30‐kDa MWCO membranes, respectively. The R_m value of membranes was found to decrease as the MWCO of membranes increased and transmembrane pressure decreased. The total solid content of permeates obtained by these membranes was between 0.45% and 1.4%. Membrane‐concentrated soymilk was found to have lighter colour and almost half the value of viscosity compared with evaporated milk.     

Effect of Grinding Temperature on Hydroperoxide and Off-flavor Contents during Soymilk Manufacturing Process

ABSTRACT: Hydroperoxides and n -hexanal of soymilk made at different temperatures in the soybean grinding process were investigated. Both hydroperoxides and n -hexanal showed maximum amounts at 30°C, 37.78 μmol/g, and 1.94 mg/g, respectively. However, at 3°C and 80°C, amounts of hydroperoxides were about half of that at 30°C. N -hexanal showed high correlation with hydroperoxides except for at 80°C. It suggests that controlling the grinding temperature is effective to reduce hydroperoxidation and off-flavor content. Protein solubility an important index of soymilk, was decreased as the temperature increased. Grinding soybeans at low temperature is considered an economical method to produce soymilk having less off-flavor and high protein.     

野蓝莓、荞麦酸豆乳的研制

以大豆为主要原料，添加一定量的脱脂奶粉及荞麦糊等原、辅料，采用保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌1：1混合（sL）、两歧双歧杆菌（Bb）、嗜酸乳杆菌（La）四种乳酸菌进行发酵。发酵后用野蓝莓（笃斯越橘）果酱调配制成酸甜可口、风味浓郁的营养保健型酸豆乳。通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为：豆水比1：10，以此原料豆乳为基数，菌种配比SL：Bb：La为2：1：2，接种量3％，发酵时间6h，发酵温度37℃；各种辅料添加量为：荞麦糊5％，野蓝莓果酱10％，蔗糖6％，乳糖2％，稳定剂0．2％，脱脂奶粉5％。