潮土区土壤有机质含量的趋势演变研究--以禹城市为例

通过分析山东省禹城市100个采样点1980年和2003年耕层土壤的有机质含量,研究了土壤有机质的时空变异特征,探讨了潮土区有机质含量的变化,形成了研究区1980年和2003年有机质含量空间分布图及1980~2003年有机质含量的空间变化图。分析了研究区有机质含量增加的原因。研究结果表明,该市目前土壤有机质含量平均为14.68g kg-1,比1980年的6.0g kg-1增加了8.68 g kg-1,年均提高0.38g kg-1。土壤表层含盐量的降低为土壤养分含量提高提供了条件。     

吉林公主岭土壤中砷、铬和锌含量的空间变异性及分布规律研究

在兼顾吉林省公主岭地区土壤类型与样点分布的相对均匀性的前提下 ,采集黑土、黑钙土和草甸土等土壤耕层 (0 -2 0cm )样品 70个 ,测定其全砷 (As)、铬 (Cr)和锌 (Zn)含量以及其它主要理化性质。采用经典统计学与半方差函数拟合相结合的方法 ,研究了土壤砷、铬和锌含量的空间变异性。根据半方差函数的拟合结果 ,在ArcViewGIS软件的支持下 ,编制Scripts进行克里格插值 ,以此来揭示该区域土壤砷、铬和锌含量的空间分布规律 ,并探讨这些重金属元素与主要土壤理化性质的关系     

流程企业综合集成柔性体系结构研究

本文首先论述了体系结构研究的重要性,简要 综述了体系结构研究的4个发展阶段,并提出了研究体系结构的谱系概念．在空间结构的研 究中,提出了5个视图与9种过程流的描述方法和以扁平化递阶 分散混合集成为特征的柔性 体系结构．本文还提出了体系结构中时间结构的概念及其应用．     

PRACTICE GREEN ENGINEERING,KEEP THE JUNKYARDS CLEAR

This paper discusses the fracture prevention aspects of lifetime prediction. Initially, it is pointed out that lifetime can be determined by factors such as obsolescence and consumer rejection. Lifetime is then related to acceptable risk in order to make it compatible with advances in design philosophy for large welded structures. Accident statistics are cited and the argument made that the major opportunities for lifetime improvement are revealed by failure analysis, and are shown to lie in design and production. However, there are some structures, e.g. boilers and pressure vessels, where the construction rules are so well established that failures occur mainly because of operational errors. Based on the results of the Battelle/NBS Cost of Fracture Study, attention is focused on the effect of material–property reproducibility in driving failure probability. Little evidence could be found regarding reproducibility improvements of fatigue lifetime and brittle fracture toughness in production lots of alloys over time.     

Structural characterization of chromosome I size variants from a natural yeast strain

Many yeast strains isolated from the wild show karyotype instability during vegetative growth, with rearrangement rates of up to 10(-2) chromosomal changes per generation. Physical isolation and analysis of several chromosome I size variants of one of these strains revealed that they differed only in their subtelomeric regions, leaving the central 150 Kb unaltered. Fine mapping of these subtelomeric variable regions revealed gross alterations of two very similar loci, FLO1 and FLO9. These loci are located on the right and left arms, respectively, of chromosome I and encompass internal repetitive DNA sequences. Furthermore, some chromosome I variants lacking the FLO1 locus showed evidence of recombination at a DNA region on their right arm that is enriched in repeated sequences, including Ty LTRs. We propose that repetitive sequences in many subtelomeric regions in S. cerevisiae play a key role in karyotype hypervariability. As these regions encode several membrane-associated proteins, subtelomeric plasticity may allow rapid adaptive changes of the yeast strain to specific substrates. This pattern of semi-conservative chromosomal rearrangement may have profound implications, both in terms of evolution of wild strains and for biotechnological processes.     

产品线体系结构复杂性度量

产品线体系结构需要支持多种变化性以满足其内部成员特性，因而是重要又复杂的软件产品线子系统。本文通过分析产品线体系结构的vADL规约，充分考虑产品线体系结构变化性对其复杂性度量的影响，生成产品线体系结构信息流图PLA—IFG，基于PLA—IFG，实现自动化度量产品线体系结构复杂性，提出了支持变化性的产品线体系结构复杂性度量方法。     

A curve fitting procedure to derive inter-annual phenologies from time series of noisy satellite NDVI data

Annual, inter-annual and long-term trends in time series derived from remote sensing can be used to distinguish between natural land cover variability and land cover change. However, the utility of using NDVI-derived phenology to detect change is often limited by poor quality data resulting from atmospheric and other effects. Here, we present a curve fitting methodology useful for time series of remotely sensed data that is minimally affected by atmospheric and sensor effects and requires neither spatial nor temporal averaging. A two-step technique is employed: first, a harmonic approach models the average annual phenology; second, a spline-based approach models inter-annual phenology. The principal attributes of the time series (e.g., amplitude, timing of onset of greenness, intrinsic smoothness or roughness) are captured while the effects of data drop-outs and gaps are minimized. A recursive, least squares approach captures the upper envelope of NDVI values by upweighting data values above an average annual curve. We test this methodology on several land cover types in the western U.S., and find that onset of greenness in an average year varied by less than 8 days within land cover types, indicating that the curve fit is consistent within similar systems. Between 1990 and 2002, temporal variability in onset of greenness was between 17 and 35 days depending on the land cover type, indicating that the inter-annual curve fit captures substantial inter-annual variability. Employing this curve fitting procedure enhances our ability to measure inter-annual phenology and could lead to better understanding of local and regional land cover trends.     

Variability, covariation, and invariance with respect to coordinate systems in motor control: Reply to Smeets and Louw (2007).

In their comment on the tolerance-noise covariation (TNC) method for decomposing variability by H. Müller and D. Sternad (2003, 2004b), J. B. J. Smeets and S. Louw (see record 2007-01135-017) show that covariation (C), as defined within the TNC method, is not invariant with respect to coordinate transformations and contend that it is, therefore, meaningless. Although the observation is correct, their interpretation is misleading in the following ways: (a) They equate covariation C with the known statistical quantity covariance and noise (N) with standard deviations. The two quantities C and N are conceptually different statistical measures. (b) Dependency on the reference frame is not only a feature of C but of all 3 components. However, such dependency is ubiquitous in motor control. (c) As the frame of reference in biological systems is poorly understood, the TNC method may afford evaluation of different coordinates for control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于决策级融合的多波段SAR目标检测方法

为了提高SAR图像目标检测性能,提出了一种目标检测方法。该方法首先利用智能索引变量恒虚警和二次检测对多波段SAR图像进行目标检测,然后利用Neym an-Pearson准则对检测结果进行决策级融合,在保证融合前后虚警概率一致的前提下,可大幅度提高检测概率。给出了应用该方法的具体步骤,并通过实际数据证明了该方法的有效性。     

Stability and variability of affective experience and interpersonal behavior in borderline personality disorder.

This study examined both mean levels and intraindividual variability in the mood and interpersonal behavior of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and nonclinical control participants over a 20-day event-contingent recording period. Individuals in the BPD group experienced more unpleasantly valenced affect and were less dominant, more submissive, more quarrelsome, and more extreme in overall levels of behavior than control participants. In addition to these mean-level differences, individuals with BPD also reported more intraindividual variability in overall affect valence and in pleasantly valenced affect; displayed greater variability in dominant, quarrelsome, and agreeable behaviors; and exhibited an increased tendency to "spin" among interpersonal behaviors relative to nonclinical control participants. The findings document behavioral and affective manifestations of BPD in the context of naturally occurring interpersonal situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)