香蕉果酒带皮发酵对其品质和挥发性香气成分的影响

为了探究香蕉皮对香蕉果酒品质和风味的影响,该研究对带皮香蕉果酒和去皮香蕉果酒发酵过程中糖度、酒精度、总酸和多酚等理化指标进行测定,同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定两种果酒中挥发性香气物质,结果显示带皮香蕉果酒的酒精度为10.5% vol,低于去皮香蕉果酒的12.3% vol,但是发酵结束后带皮香蕉果酒中总酸（4.03 g/L）和感官评分（87.62）,要显著优于去皮香蕉果酒。此外,带皮香蕉果酒及其蒸馏酒中甲醇含量分别为120.20 mg/L和372.30 mg/L,远低于对应国家限量标准。挥发性风味物质分析结果显示香蕉酒中主要的风味物质为酯类和醇类,带皮香蕉果酒风味物质种类比去皮香蕉果酒更为丰富,其中乙酸乙酯（>8.10 mg/L）和3-甲基-1-丁醇（>15.78 mg/L）是香蕉果酒中主要的挥发性风味物质。因此香蕉皮的添加可以改善果酒品质和风味且不会显著提高果酒中甲醇的含量,但是对出酒率有一定的影响,该研究为实现食品原料的整体化综合利用、减少食品加工废弃物的生成拓宽了思路,同时也为开发高品质香蕉酒提供了参考。     

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Peroxidase Gene Family and Verification of Lignin Synthesis-Related Genes in Watermelon

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important horticultural crop worldwide, but peel cracking caused by peel hardness severely decreases its quality. Lignification is one of the important functions of class III peroxidase (PRX), and its accumulation in the plant cell wall leads to cell thickening and wood hardening. For in-depth physiological and genetical understanding, we studied the relationship between peel hardness and lignin accumulation and the role of PRXs affecting peel lignin biosynthesis using genome-wide bioinformatics analysis. The obtained results showed that lignin accumulation gradually increased to form the peel stone cell structure, and tissue lignification led to peel hardness. A total of 79 ClPRXs (class III) were identified using bioinformatics analysis, which were widely distributed on 11 chromosomes. The constructed phylogenetics indicated that ClPRXs were divided into seven groups and eleven subclasses, and gene members of each group had highly conserved intron structures. Repeated pattern analysis showed that deletion and replication events occurred during the process of ClPRX amplification. However, in the whole-protein sequence alignment analysis, high homology was not observed, although all contained four conserved functional sites. Repeated pattern analysis showed that deletion and replication events occurred during ClPRXs’ amplification process. The prediction of the promoter cis-acting element and qRT-PCR analysis in four tissues (leaf, petiole, stem, and peel) showed different expression patterns for tissue specificity, abiotic stress, and hormone response by providing a genetic basis of the ClPRX gene family involved in a variety of physiological processes in plants. To our knowledge, we for the first time report the key roles of two ClPRXs in watermelon peel lignin synthesis. In conclusion, the extensive data collected in this study can be used for additional functional analysis of ClPRXs in watermelon growth and development and hormone and abiotic stress response.     

双水相分离火龙果皮中色素和果胶

利用双水相系统同时分离火龙果皮中的天然红色素和果胶,提高火龙果皮资源的利用.以火龙果皮为原料,采用PEG/硫酸铵双水相体系分离火龙果皮中的色素和果胶.分析PEG相对分子质量、PEG质量分数、体系pH、硫酸盐质量分数4个因素对色素与果胶分离的影响.结果表明,随着双水相PEG和盐的质量分数增加,火龙果皮中的色素和果胶得率随...     

3种杀虫剂不同剂型对葡萄蓟马的室内生物活性及田间防效

[目的]为明确避雨栽培葡萄上3种常用杀虫剂及不同剂型对葡萄蓟马的室内生物活性和葡萄不同生长期的田间防治效果。[方法]试验采用浸液饲喂法测定了葡萄蓟马的室内种群活性,并进行田间防效试验。[结果]3种杀虫剂对葡萄蓟马的室内生物活性啶虫脒和阿维菌素较高,吡虫啉相对较低,依次为啶虫脒EC>啶虫脒WG>阿维菌素EC>吡虫啉EC>吡虫啉WG;田间防效试验发现,在葡萄的花前期和浆果生长期啶虫脒施药后1 d的防效均在60%以上,施药后7 d啶虫脒和阿维菌素的防效均在80%~95%,而吡虫啉的防效在不同时期施用均低于80%;不同剂型间,乳油表现出相对较好的防治效果。[结论]阿维菌素和啶虫脒可推荐为避雨栽培葡萄上防治蓟马的首选药剂,2者属于不同类型杀虫剂,适宜交替使用,能降低蓟马对杀虫剂快速产生抗性的风险,应该在葡萄花期前对蓟马进行防除,防止其数量暴发。     

贵州水晶葡萄病原真菌分离鉴定及室内抑菌活性测试

[目的]确定引起贵州水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害的病原真菌种类及室内筛选用于该病害的主要防治杀菌剂。[方法]对病原菌进行分离纯化鉴定,通过科赫法则确定致病菌种类;筛选12种商品杀菌剂对炭疽病菌进行抑菌活性测定,筛选出有效药剂,为防治该病害提供一定的理论依据。[结果]从贵州省凯里市水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害分离鉴定出3株病原菌,为青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、炭疽病菌(Clletotrichum gloeosporioides)和链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.),采用科赫法则,对3株病原真菌进行刺伤回接,发现3株均为水晶葡萄在贮藏过程中的主要致病菌。12种杀菌剂对水晶葡萄炭疽病菌进行室内抑菌活性测试结果表明:均具有较好的抑制活性,其中50%咯菌腈WP、50%苯菌灵WP、42%噻菌灵SC和43%戊唑醇SC对水晶葡萄炭疽病菌抑制活性最好,其EC50值分别为0.1024、0.1386、0.1624、0.1974 mg/L。[结论]凯里水晶葡萄采后病害病菌为青霉菌、炭疽病菌和链格孢菌;筛选出12种药剂针对水晶葡萄采后病害炭疽病菌的药剂,其中50%咯菌腈WP对炭疽病菌具有较好抑制效果,为水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害防治提供理论基础。     

Profile of Triacylglycerols,Phenols, and Vitamin E of Manjari Medika Grape Seed Oil and Cake: Introducing a Novel Indian Variety

The aim of the study is to investigate the biochemical composition of grapeseed oil and cake from an unexplored Indian grape‐juice cultivar, Manjari Medika (MM). The composition of oil and residual seed cake is evaluated using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The findings demonstrate that the vitamin E content of MM‐seed oil (1.15–1.35 g kg^?1) is distinctively higher than the Codex standard, suggesting its superior quality as an edible oil. The predominant triacylglycerols include trilinolein (LLL, 43%), dilinoleoyl‐stearylglycerol (LSL, 19%), and dilinoleoyl‐palmitoylglycerol (LLP, 11%), which are earlier recognized as natural antioxidants. The seed‐cake is rich in polyphenols including acylated anthocyanins (e.g., pelargonidin‐3‐O‐coumaroyl glucoside) and certain other flavonoids (e.g., catechin). The profile of phytonutrients in MM seed‐oil and cake is significantly superior to its seeded female parent and two other widely cultivated wine‐grape varieties. In brief, the studied by‐products of this new grape‐juice cultivar can be an important source of high‐value ingredients for use in food supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. Practical applications: This study reports the phytochemical profile of the seed‐oil and seed cake derived from a newly developed grape variety, Manjari Medika. High contents of selective antioxidants: lipids, vitamin E, and phenols in the seed‐oil and cake with health benefits suggest their potential for use in nutraceutical and functional foods. These byproducts can be utilised as ingredients of functional foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., grape seed oil capsule) and also as raw materials in food supply chains (e.g., for production of grape cookies or cake). MM can also be utilized as a colorant in the food industry.     

气相色谱法测葡萄酒中乙醇含量-甲醇作内标

用气相色谱法测定葡萄酒中乙醇含量,采用毛细管柱(SE3020m×0.3mm)分离,氢火焰离子检测器,甲醇作内标,此方法具有操作简便、快速、测定结果准确等特点。     

Polymer-polymer friction: Adhesion dependence

The friction of pure polyethylene and acrylate grafted films or mixtures of polyethylene and a poly (ethylene-butylacrylate-maleic anhydride) terpolymer is examined at low speed for sliding on a poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) or polyvinylchloride (PVC) substrate. In all cases, the friction coefficient μ at equilibrium is proportional to the adhesion energy of the same films as determined by a peel test. This study shows how much for smooth surfaces, interfacial and mechanical properties intervene simultaneously in polymer-polymer friction.     

响应面法优化微波辅助萃取柠檬皮中果胶的研究

该文以离子液体[BMIM]Cl(氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术提取柠檬皮中的果胶,系统考察了[BMIM]Cl浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间和萃取溶剂体积等因素的影响,并通过响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化,得出最佳工艺条件为[BMIM]Cl浓度1.0 mol/L,萃取温度88℃,萃取时间9.6 min,每克干柠檬皮用萃取溶剂22.7 mL,在该条件下,果胶的提取率为24.68%,与拟合的二次回归模型预测值基本相符。