管道机器人的机构设计与通过性分析

分析了弹簧腿管道机器人的力学特性和适应范围,以及丝杠螺母管道机器人的力学特性和通过性。通过比较这两种机器人的优缺点,综合其特点提出了弹簧丝杠管道机器人的机构设计方法,并分析了该机器人的通过性。分析得知,该机器人在越过障碍时,可以始终与管道内壁紧密接触,不仅可以使正压力始终保持在合适的范围内,而且增大了越障的成功率。     

形状记忆合金在结构阻尼性能优化中的应用

文中研究了通过嵌入NiTi-SMA丝提高自由阻尼层结构损耗性能的方法。首先描述了普通阻尼层材料的贮能模量及损耗因子随温度变化规律。基于一维SMA的Brinson模型给出了NiTi-SMA丝受限回复应力的计算公式,建立了含NiTi-SMA丝的自由阻尼处理梁结构损耗因子的计算公式。通过数值计算揭示了含NiTi-SMA丝的聚氨脂自由阻尼处理梁的耗散特性,分析了NiTi-SMA丝含量及阻尼层厚度对自由阻尼处理梁耗散特性的影响。结果表明,埋入NiTi-SMA丝之后,阻尼结构的损耗因子得到了显著提高。     

北山预选区公婆泉形成的地质、水文地质条件分析

公婆泉是我国高放废物处置库场址北山预选区众多泉中少有的淡水泉,该泉水的成因问题与处置库场址选择具有一定的关系.通过前人资料的分析,结合水文地质调查工作,探讨了该泉的成因,认为该泉是一个受潜水补给的下降泉.泉水的补给来源是位于该泉西南部的驼马滩盆地古近系一新近系下覆基岩古风化壳地下水,其水质良好、水量丰富,流向北东,经公婆泉丘陵一带后,在沟谷侵蚀含水层处溢出,形成公婆泉.     

弹簧杆刚度对电动负载模拟器的性能影响研究

弹簧杆刚度是影响电动负载模拟器加载精度和快速性的重要因素。文中介绍了电动负载模拟器的结构组成,并基于电动负载模拟器数学模型,从电动负载模拟器控制器参数、加载动态性能和多余力矩的影响三个方面研究分析了弹簧杆刚度变化对系统性能的影响。计算结果表明弹簧杆刚度增大会导致系统快速性降低、多余力矩增加,所以工程应用时一般选取弹簧秆刚度略大于系统最大加载梯度即可。     

Protective Oxide Film on Alloy X750 Formed in Air at 973 K

An effective pre-oxidation method for Alloy X750 was developed to reduce general corrosion in an oxygenated aqueous environment such as in BWR core water. The optimum condition of preoxidation in air at elevated temperatures was found to be 5–20 h at 973 K by considering the allowance condition of heat treatment for age-hardening.

Some characteristics of the corroded oxide film have been clarified by surface analyses with XMA, SIMS, AES, XPS etc. The film was composed of double oxide layers, namely a highly crystallized NiFe₂O₄ outer layer and a high Cr₂O₃ content inner layer. The passive property of the film has been recognized to be due to the nature of the oxides whereby NiFe₂O₄ restricts the dissolution of metals because of its low solubility and Cr₂O₃ restricts the diffusion of metal ions because of its high binding energy and low diffusion coefficient.     

模拟水环境下的压紧弹簧刚度试验及计算模型的研究

在模拟水环境下,对堆内构件压紧弹簧的缩比试样进行了刚度试验,并与有限元模拟、基于小扰度理论模型和大扰度随动模型的分析结果进行比较分析。结果表明,当摩擦系数按文献实验测值0.189取值时,有限元模拟、基于小扰度的理论模型和大扰度随动模型计算所得的刚度值均与试验所得的相近;卸载稳定段的刚度均明显小于加载稳定段的,是加载时的0.6倍左右。有限元模拟分析进一步阐明,在压紧弹簧变形过程中,压紧弹簧的截面存在转动,它与垫板之间的接触点并不是固定的,在加载和卸载过程中存在来回的径向位移。并且压紧弹簧接触面上的摩擦力方向是相反的,使得压紧弹簧在加载和卸载过程的刚度存在较大的差别。较小扰度理论模型、考虑压紧弹簧截面转动和接触点径向位移的大扰度随动模型所得的结果与有限元模拟更为接近。     

A vibration-based electromagnetic and piezoelectric hybrid energy harvester

This work presents the fabrication and testing of a vibration-based single energy hybrid harvester (VSEHH). Electromagnetic and piezoelectric transduction mechanisms are utilized for energy extraction in the developed harvester. Electromagnetic portion of the device composed of a permanent magnet, planar coil and wound coil, however, for piezoelectric portion polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane is used. In the harvester the PVDF membrane having the magnet is kept loose in order to exploit the spring softening nonlinearity. At lower base excitation levels (less than 0.5g) the response of the VSEHH is linear, however, from 0.5 to 2.5g the harvester exhibits spring softening nonlinearity and at acceleration levels greater than 2.5g, the spring hardening nonlinearity is invoked. Because of nonlinear behavior of the harvester, the shift of resonant frequency, the sudden jump-up and jump-down phenomena result in the enhancement of the harvester's frequency bandwidth. Under sinusoidal excitation and at 123 Hz frequency and 4g acceleration, the electromagnetic portion of the harvester produced 40.6 mV load voltage and 212.7 μW with planar coil and 73.5 mV load voltage and 319.1 μW power with wound coil. Moreover, under the same vibrations condition a load voltage of 2930 mV and power of 57.6 μW is generated by the piezoelectric portion of the harvester. Collectively, the harvester is capable of producing a power of 589.4 μW and a power density of 334.13 μW/cm³. Furthermore, when subjected to broadband random vibrations, two central frequency peaks are produced, one is due to spring softening and the other corresponds to the spring hardening of the membrane.     

空间红外大口径折射式低温镜头设计与验证

针对目标探测类空间红外相机大范围成像、高灵敏度探测、高精度定位等应用需求,文中提出采用像方远心光路和低温光学技术结合的解决方案,设计了物方视场角8°×8°、入瞳口径265 mm、工作温度200 K的像方远心折射式光学系统。镜头最大口径280 mm,采用多级分散的弹性支撑设计,解决大口径低温透镜装框、透镜组件支撑和镜头整体安装各环节的热应力卸载问题。在保证高刚度和低漏热的情况下,使低温下透镜的热应力对镜头能量集中度的影响降低到可接受范围内。镜头完成装调及室温下像质确认后,进行了力学振动试验,并将其制冷到200 K水平测试像质,测试结果表明,镜头能量集中度达到轴上75%,边缘视场72%。     

大型活塞式压缩机弹性隔振基础的设计及安装

大型活塞式压缩机基础转速较低,传统上采用固定大块体结构,不仅基础的体积和重量都很大,而且动力计算模型也比较复杂,设计参数具有不确定性。而弹簧隔振基础结构边界条件简单清晰,解除了设备、基础块与下部结构的刚性动态耦合,受力明确,构造简单,可靠性和准确度高;隔振效率高达80%以上,能大大降低设备本身和对下部结构的动力作用。文章结合胜利油田油气集输总厂一工程实例,从结构型式、隔振原理、物理参数、动力分析几方面介绍了弹性隔振基础的设计,并简要介绍了弹性隔振基础的安装要点。     

潜油电机碟形弹簧的动力学分析

为了降低潜油电泵机组的振动对止推轴承性能的影响,在潜油电机中节和下节的止推轴承静块底部安装了蝶形弹簧。用有限元方法进行模态分析,确定了蝶形弹簧的主振型和固有频率,然后进行瞬态动力学分析,求解蝶形弹簧在一定载荷下的应力和位移。依此设计的蝶形弹簧将进一步延长止推轴承的使用寿命。