基于HPLC与主成分分析法区别西南地区不同产地花椒的地域差异:标记化合物的测定和鉴定

为研究西南地区不同产地花椒的地域差别,本文选取了5个产地花椒的15个样品作为实验材料,采用有机溶剂提取并用柱层析方法分离得到不同的组分。通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对分离后的组分进行分析。利用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),找出汉源花椒与其他产地花椒的主要差异物。结果表明,汉源花椒能够与其他产地花椒明显区分,且PLS-DA的分离效果优于PCA。以VIP（变量重要性）>1及p<0.05为指标筛选出汉源花椒和其他产地花椒的主要差异物为新绿原酸、绿原酸、槲皮苷、羟基-β-山椒素和羟基-γ-山椒素,其中汉源花椒的羟基-γ-山椒素含量显著高于其他产地花椒,其他差异物含量均低于其他产地花椒,差异有显著性（p<0.05）。本研究为不同产地花椒的筛选及品质评价提供了一定的理论基础和实验数据。     

Deviation correction strategy for the earth pressure balance shield based on shield–soil interactions

The control system presently used in shield posture rectification is based on driver experience, which is marginally reliable. The study of the related theory is flawed. Therefore, a decision-making approach for the deviation correction trajectory and posture rectification load for an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield is proposed. A calculation model of posture rectification load of an EPB shield is developed by considering the interactions among the cutter head, shield shell, and ground. The additional position change during the shield attitude correction is highlighted. The posture rectification loads and shield behaviors results can be solved by the proposed method. The influences of the stratum distribution (i.e., bedrock height in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata) on shield behaviors and posture rectification loads are analyzed. Results indicated that the increase of pitch angle in the upper-soft and lower-hard strata causes a sharp rise in vertical displacement. The bedrock height increases the magnitudes of the required posture rectification moments when h_r/D > 0.5. For a tunnel with h_r/D ≤ 0.5, the variation of h_r/D has little effect on the posture rectification moments. Finally, the posture rectifying curves based on the theoretical model are compared with the target ones based on the double circular arc interpolation method. The required results can be obtained regardless of the soil–rock compound stratum distribution. The maximum rectification moment in the rock layer is almost 12.6 times that in the soil layer. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference for moment determination and the trajectory prediction of posture rectification in compound strata.     

基于最小二乘法及信息熵的短期水文预报组合模型的比较

为探讨组合预报中平均加权法的实用性,以三峡流域宜昌站为例,建立了基于最小二乘法和信息熵理论的两种径流组合预报模型,并将组合预报结果与原单一模型的预报结果做了对比,选取具有代表性的预报精度评定指标检验预报精度。结果表明,两种组合预报模型均显著改善了预报精度评定指标,提高了短期水文预报精度,突破了传统单一水文预报模型的局限性,实际应用时可根据预报精度评定的侧重点选择合适的组合预报模型。     

超超临界锅炉燃烧模拟及减小热偏差方法

针对燃烧器四角切圆布置的超超临界锅炉炉膛内的流动和燃烧,创建几何尺寸和边界条件完全对称的三维锅炉模型。计算结果表明,即使几何尺寸和边界条件完全对称,温度场和流场也可能是非对称的,这是造成烟气侧热偏差的可能原因之一。探讨了减小锅炉炉膛出口热偏差的方法,通过对比对称方位燃烧器连线上的速度分布,调整速度分布不对称的直线两端的燃烧器出口速度,使边界条件不对称,重新进行数值模拟,如此重复直至速度分布对称。结果表明,经过速度调整后所得的温度场和流场分布更加对称,可以达到减小炉膛出口热偏差的目的。     

基于无源性的直流微电网并联变换器控制策略

针对可再生能源聚合而形成带混合负载的直流微电网稳定性与协调性问题,提出一种将无源控制与改进非线性干扰观测器前馈补偿相结合的新型控制算法,在消除恒功率负载对直流微电网的影响的同时提高了系统鲁棒性,再利用线路阻抗补偿来改善分流精度与实现电压无偏差。该文利用Matlab/Simulink搭建并联DC-DC变换器仿真模型进行验证,通过对比传统无源控制与比例积分调节的无源控制表明,提出的控制策略抑制了恒功率负载与线路阻抗对直流微电网的影响。最后,在Opal-RT半实物实验平台验证了该策略的有效性。     

基于PSO-KELM的风功率预测研究*

风功率预测能够为电网规划设计提供一项重要依据,因而研究如何精准进行风功率预测对保证电网的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。针对正则化系数C和核参数λ作为模型参数,对核极限学习机预测模型精度产生影响的问题,提出了运用PSO对核极限学习机进行参数优化的PSO-KELM预测方法。将正则化系数C和核参数λ作为优化对象,利用PSO方法对参数共同优化,建立PSO-KELM风功率预测模型。对3组实测数据进行了实验研究,引入均方根误差、平均绝对误差和相对标准差作为评价指标,结果显示该方法预测误差好于直接应用KELM方法,并进一步将结果与常用的SVM以及PSO-SVM方法进行了比较。结果表明,PSO-KELM方法具有更好的预测精度和稳定性,能够作为提高风功率预测准确性以及风电并网安全性方面的一种科学有效的参考。     

激光扫描式焊接坡口信息传感方法

设计了激光扫描式焊接坡口信息传感器。采用高精度激光测距传感器在工件的坡口上方垂直于焊接方向扫描,获取传感器水平位移和距工件距离的数据二维曲线并进行数据预处理。处理后的数据经微分后得到一阶导数和二阶导数曲线,根据导数曲线的特点找出表征工件表面和坡口面的最优点集,应用最小二乘法对最优点集进行直线拟合,求直线的交点得到相应的坡口信息的特征点,从而获得坡口的信息。     

大型偏心轴锻件的试制生产

采用杆部拔四方,四方底边一条棱始终不压的锻造方法,成功生产了大型偏心轴锻件。     

国内外轿车子午线轮胎滚动阻力对比分析

试验研究轮胎负荷、充气压力和旋转速度对国内外不同轮胎生产企业195／65R15和205／55R16轮胎滚动阻力的影响。结果表明，对轮胎滚动阻力影响最大的因素是负荷，其次是旋转速度，最小的是气压；总体而言，米其林公司轮胎滚动阻力受各种使用条件的影响程度较小。     

Dietary and host-related factors influencing carotenoid bioaccessibility from spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Several dietary and host related factors potentially influencing carotenoid (beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) bioaccessibility from spinach, including different concentrations of sodium, calcium and magnesium, were systematically investigated by means of an in vitro digestion model. Bioaccessibility was highest when milk (4% fat) and lowest when skimmed milk or more complex food matrices such as sausage were added to the meal. Micellarisation significantly depended on the presence and concentration of bile salts and pancreatin (p < 0.001, Bonferroni) but was unaffected by pepsin. Micellarisation significantly decreased to 61.4 ± 3.0% of control (p < 0.001, Dunnett’s) at high cholesterol (114 mg/test meal) but not at similar stigmasterol concentrations. Calcium and magnesium ?13.8 mM individually inhibited micelle formation ( >40% on average), presumably due to the generation of insoluble soaps with fatty acids and bile salts. Increased sodium concentrations (280 and 460 mM) altered carotenoid micellarisation patterns, favoring beta-carotene isomers (p < 0.001, Bonferroni) but decreasing lutein and zeaxanthin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively, Bonferroni). This study suggests that minerals may impact carotenoid bioavailability.