辣椒制品金黄色葡萄球菌污染及肠毒素污染研究

了解辣椒制品金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况,检测辣椒制品中金黄色葡萄球菌携带肠毒素的情况,为开展辣椒制品安全风险评估,企业及产品分类管理提供必要的依据.方法:参照GB 4789.10-2010对样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离、培养,用VITEK 2 compact全自动微生物鉴定分析系统进行生化鉴定,同时用全自动荧光酶标免疫测试系统(VIDAS 30)检测分离菌株携带肠毒素SEA-SEE情况.结果:从705份样品中共检出金黄色葡萄球菌21株,总检出率为2.98％.其中干辣椒制品未检出金黄色葡萄球菌、油辣椒检出率为3.34％,发酵辣椒制品检出率为5.63％,其他辣椒制品检出率为1.32％.21株金黄色葡萄球菌中11株葡萄球菌肠毒素阳性,总检出率为52.38％.其中油辣椒葡萄球菌肠毒素阳性率为46.67％,发酵辣椒制品葡萄球菌肠毒素阳性率为75.00％,其他辣椒制品葡萄球菌肠毒素阳性率为50.00％.辣椒制品样品产地涉及15个省(区、市),从4个省(区)产的辣椒样品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌并携带肠毒素.结论:不同类型辣椒制品污染程度存在差异,不同产地辣椒制品污染程度存在差异,辣椒制品存在金黄色葡萄球菌污染风险,并且产肠毒素的金黄色葡萄球菌占一定的比例.     

Characteristics of Enterotoxigenic Coagulase Positive Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Milk in Cases of Subclinical Mastitis

Coagulase positive staphylococci are the most common cause of bovine subclinical mastitis. The goal of this study was to investigate if isolates from milk in cases of mastitis synthesize enterotoxins and express resistance to methicillin. A total of 50 strains of coagulase positive staphylococci were tested using immunoassay ELFA technique. Ten isolates were enterotoxin positive and RealTime PCR was used to identify genes encoding enterotoxins and methicillin resistance. One isolate carried the enterotoxin B encoding gene, but none were positive for the methicillin resistance gene. All isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus biochemically and by PCR.     

Quantification of staphylococcal enterotoxin type A in cow milk by using a stable isotope-labelled peptide via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

ABSTRACT

In this study, the staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA) contaminant was quantified in cow milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with the use of a stable isotope-labelled peptide of SEA as an internal standard. SEA was cleaned up in a two-step process that included pH control and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. The pH control phase eliminated other proteins. TCA precipitation cleaned up SEA without special equipment. An appropriate enzyme-to-protein ratio maximised tryptic digestion. A desalting process guaranteed the stable retention of SEA-digested peptides. The coverage of amino-acid sequences (>10%) clearly identified the toxin’s presence. SEA was accurately quantified using LC-MS/MS based on a multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated based on spiked recovery tests at 50 and 100 µg kg^?1 conducted with two samples collected on a daily basis for five days based on Japanese validation guidelines. The new method exhibited good accuracy which ranged from 80% to 82%. The relative standard deviations of repeatability were 13–14% and the relative standard deviations of within-laboratory reproducibility were 13–18%. These standard deviations satisfied the criteria of the Japanese validation guidelines. The quantification limit was estimated to be 10 µg kg^?1.     

金黄色葡萄球菌B型肠毒素的培养产毒与柱层析纯化

本文采用玻璃纸覆盖琼脂平板法,在37℃培养金黄色葡萄球菌48h后,收集菌体,10000×g离心15min,上清液经聚乙二醇20000浓缩。浓缩液依次经羧甲基阳离子交换纤维素CM-32层析和葡聚糖凝胶SephadexG-75过滤纯化,获得电泳纯的金黄色葡萄球菌B型肠毒素。实验证明,利用该简化的二步柱层析分离得到的金黄色葡萄球菌B型肠毒素完全能满足血清学检实验和鉴定的要求,方法简便易行,一般实验室均可使用。     

基于混合SAMs包裹的纳米团簇和SPA的抗体固定方法用于糖化血红蛋白免疫场效应型传感器的制备(英文)

本文提出了一种新型的抗体固定方法,并利用该方法制备了免疫场效应型传感器用于糖化血红蛋白水平的检测.首先,纳米金颗粒由混合自组装膜(SAMs)包裹形成一种功能化的纳米团簇.然后这种纳米团簇以自组装的方式固定在传感器金电极表面.之后,葡萄糖球菌蛋白A(SPA)被固定在纳米团簇表面用来定向固定抗体.利用该方法,纳米团簇可在金电极表面均匀分布.由此形成的多层生物膜可定向固定抗体,与抗体具有稳定的结合力,能较好地屏蔽噪声干扰,且与场效应型传感器兼容.利用该传感器对糖化血红蛋白和血红蛋白浓度检测,灵敏度分别为152.8μV.ng-1.mL和13.5μV.ng-1.mL.实验结果表明,该传感器具有较好的一致性和准确度,未来有望发展成为一种微型的用于糖尿病监控的糖化血红蛋白传感器.     

葡萄球菌肠毒素DAS-ELISA检测方法的建立及应用

为筛选特异性强、亲和力高、可夹心配对单克隆抗体4A2和5C12,通过方阵试验优化工作条件,建立金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素(staphylococcal enterotoxins,SEs)的双抗体夹心-酶联免疫吸附试验定量检测方法。结果表明：该方法标准曲线为y＝4.074x－1.1888,R2＝0.9892,检测下限为0.307μg/mL,批内和批间变异系数均小于10%,脱脂乳粉中SEs掺入试验测定回收率为103%～107%,特异性、重复性和稳定性良好;应用所建双抗体夹心-酶联免疫吸附试验方法,对数株葡萄球菌分离株体外培养上清中SEs产生的动态变化进行分析表明,不同菌株SEs分泌能力不同,且0～20h分泌量不断增加,对鲜牛乳和猪淋巴组织匀浆中的SEs进行检测,检出率分别为51.7%和59.1%,并与进口商品化试剂盒检测结果比对,一致率达92.5%,表明食品中SEs污染的普遍存在。所建方法灵敏高效,可为食源性污染监控提供有效手段。     

Affinity maturation of a Taq DNA polymerase specific affibody by helix shuffling

The possibility of increasing the affinity of a Taq DNA polymerasespecific binding protein (affibody) was investigated by an -helixshuffling strategy. The primary affibody was from a naive combinatoriallibrary of the three-helix bundle Z domain derived from staphylococcalprotein A. A hierarchical library was constructed through selectivere-randomization of six amino acid positions in one of the two-helices of the domain, making up the Taq DNA polymerase bindingsurface. After selections using monovalent phage display technology,second generation variants were identified having affinities(K_D) for Taq DNA polymerase in the range of 30–50 nM asdetermined by biosensor technology. Analysis of binding dataindicated that the increases in affinity were predominantlydue to decreased dissociation rate kinetics. Interestingly,the affinities observed for the second generation Taq DNA polymerasespecific affibodies are of similar strength as the affinitybetween the original protein A domain and the Fc domain of humanimmunoglobulin G. Further, the possibilities of increasing theapparent affinity through multimerization of affibodies wasdemonstrated for a dimeric version of one of the second generationaffibodies, constructed by head-to-tail gene fusion. As comparedwith its monomeric counterpart, the binding to sensor chip immobilizedTaq DNA polymerase was characterized by a threefold higher apparentaffinity, due to slower off-rate kinetics. The results showthat the binding specificity of the protein A domain can bere-directed to an entirely different target, without loss ofbinding strength.     

Development and Regeneration of Muscle,Tendon, and Myotendinous Junctions in Striated Skeletal Muscle

Owing to a rapid increase in aging population in recent years, the deterioration of motor function in older adults has become an important social problem, and several studies have aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying muscle function decline. Furthermore, structural maintenance of the muscle–tendon–bone complexes in the muscle attachment sites is important for motor function, particularly for joints; however, the development and regeneration of these complexes have not been studied thoroughly and require further elucidation. Recent studies have provided insights into the roles of mesenchymal progenitors in the development and regeneration of muscles and myotendinous junctions. In particular, studies on muscles and myotendinous junctions have—through the use of the recently developed scRNA-seq—reported the presence of syncytia, thereby suggesting that fibroblasts may be transformed into myoblasts in a BMP-dependent manner. In addition, the high mobility group box 1—a DNA-binding protein found in nuclei—is reportedly involved in muscle regeneration. Furthermore, studies have identified several factors required for the formation of locomotor apparatuses, e.g., tenomodulin (Tnmd) and mohawk (Mkx), which are essential for tendon maturation.     

食源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因型分布研究

目的 采用PCR法扩增食源性金黄色葡萄球菌中肠毒素基因以了解该菌肠毒素基因携带情况,比较食物中毒和食品监测来源菌株中肠毒素基因检出率差异.方法 合成sea、seb、sec、sed和see五种肠毒素基因特异性引物,用常规PCR方法扩增食物中毒和食品监测来源菌株中各自肠毒素基因,同时采用mini-VIDAS检测食物中毒来源菌株中肠毒素.结果 110株菌株中有30株检出肠毒素基因,检出率为27.3％,肠毒素基因阳性菌株均只检出1种肠毒素基因.其中来自2起食物中毒的14株菌株均检出seb型肠毒素和相关基因,检出率为100％.来源于食品监测样本的96株菌株中有16株检出肠毒素基因,检出率为16.7％,包括sea型4株、seb型2株、sec型4株、sed型6株.结论 在宁波市食品监测中所分离的金黄色葡萄球菌所携带的肠毒素基因主要有sea、seb、sec和sed四型,而seb型肠毒素是引起金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素所致食物中毒的主要因素.     

发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌食物中毒缺失机制研究进展

本文介绍发酵牛肉金黄色葡萄球菌食物中毒缺失机制这一现象,国内外关于这种机制已经进行过部分研究,但是并没有作明确的解释,仍有待深入探讨。研究这一机制对于预防金黄色葡萄球菌食物中毒具有重大现实意义。