Bioactive compounds as an alternative for drug co-therapy: Overcoming challenges in cardiovascular disease prevention

Different pharmacological interventions have been applied with success to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis. However, many patients are not good responders or must interrupt treatment due to adverse effects. Bioactive compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), plant sterol esters (PSE) and phenolic compounds (PHC) are natural molecules with great potential to reduce the atherosclerosis burden by reducing inflammation, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and oxidative stress, respectively. Although their physiological effects on biomarkers are much lower than those expected by drugs used for the same purpose, bioactive compounds can easily be incorporated into the daily diet and present no adverse effects. However, little is known about the combination of n-3 FA, PSE, PHC, and drugs in atherosclerosis progression. This review article summarizes potential effects of co-therapies involving n-3 FA, PSE, and PHC combined with major hypolipidemic drugs on atherosclerosis biomarkers and clinical outcomes. Evidence of additive and/or complementary effects regarding drugs action reveals possible roles for bioactive compounds in disease management. Pharmaceutical companies, physicians, and food scientists should be prepared to better understand this type of interaction and its consequences in terms of efficacy and life quality.     

大孔树脂-磁场辅助溶剂结晶联合纯化红松籽油甾醇的研究

采用大孔树脂对红松籽油甾醇进行初步纯化,再利用磁场辅助溶剂结晶对其进行二次纯化。通过对比五种大孔树脂对红松籽油甾醇的吸附及解吸效果,筛选出AB-8树脂为最佳纯化介质,其纯化红松籽油甾醇的最佳工艺条件为：上样质量浓度0.2 mg/mL,上样量30 mL,吸附流速2 mL/min,吸附时间3 h,解吸液乙醇体积分数80%,乙醇体积70 mL,解吸流速2 mL/min,解吸时间4 h,此工艺条件下红松籽油甾醇纯度为（45.32±2.13）%。磁场辅助溶剂结晶纯化红松籽油甾醇的最佳工艺参数为：磁场强度0.3 T,以无水乙醇为结晶溶剂,料液比1︰10 g/mL,养晶温度5 ℃,养晶时间4 h,此工艺条件下红松籽油甾醇纯度为（83.12±3.24）%。纯化后的红松籽油甾醇经光谱扫描,210 nm处出现植物甾醇的特征峰带,经红外光谱扫描分析,具有植物甾醇类物质的特征吸收峰,经气相色谱-质谱鉴定出两种植物甾醇,分别为β-谷甾醇和菜油甾醇,且β-谷甾醇占红松籽油甾醇总量的80%以上。     

混合植物甾醇标样的精制及其在分析中的应用

研究了重结晶法精制混合植物甾醇标准品的最佳溶剂和结晶操作条件,经过三次重结晶,植物甾醇总含量>99%,总收率>55%。探索了混合植物甾醇标准品在植物甾醇气相色谱定量分析中的应用,方法具有方便快捷、费用低、实用性强等特点。     

几种常见坚果植物甾醇组成及含量测定

采用毛细管气相色谱法,对葵花籽、花生、核桃及松子中植物甾醇组成进行分析并测定其含量。结果表明：四种坚果中均含有菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇,均未检测到菜籽甾醇及豆甾醇;其甾醇总含量以松子最高,葵花子和花生次之,最低为核桃。同时,在所有样品中测出三种甾醇中均以β-谷甾醇含量最高。     

Impact of development periods on chemical properties and bioactive components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties

This study aimed to determine the chemical properties (fatty acid composition, oil content, sterol and tocopherol compositions) of the oils extracted from the seeds of safflower (Dinçer, Remzibey, Balci, Linas, Yenice, Olas) varieties harvested in different periods from flowering to ripening period. In parallel with the increase of harvest time, the humidity rate decreased, while the oil ratios increased. It was determined that palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids, which are significant saturated fatty acids, and oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids, which are unsaturated fatty acids, are quite high in the oils of all safflower varieties. These fatty acids showed significant changes from the first harvest to the last harvest. The total saturated fatty acid ratios decreased, while the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increased as the maturation progressed. The first and latest harvest samples of Dinçer, Remzibey, Balcı, Linas, Yenice, Olas cultivars were selected and their sterol and tocopherol compositions were examined. The highest level of sterol in all cultivars was β-sitosterol and the amount of sterols decreased towards full maturity. It was determined that α-tocopherol was the dominant tocopherol found in the safflower oils and the amount of tocopherol increased towards full maturity.     

豆甾醇催化氢化制备谷甾烷醇

以豆甾醇为原料、Pd/C为催化剂,通过常压催化氢化制备谷甾烷醇。实验确定了最佳反应条件,Pd/C催化剂用量w(Pd)=0 1%(相对于豆甾醇质量),反应溶剂为异丙醇,反应温度82℃,反应时间8h,原料量比n(异丙醇)/n(豆甾醇)=80,豆甾醇转化率94 85%,产品w(谷甾烷醇)=93 31%。     

Highly efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of sterol by synergistic effect of aminoxyl radicals and Se?Ni5P4

The exploration of efficient and environmentally friendly oxidation method is highly desirable to overcome the critical problems of poor selectivity and heavy metal contamination for the fine chemicals industry. Herein, a self-supported three-dimensional (3D) Se Ni₅P₄ nanosheet electrocatalyst was rationally designed and fabricated. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of aminoxyl radical and mesoporous Se Ni₅P₄/graphite felt (GF), an excellent performance of ≥98% selectivity and 33.12 kg (m⁻³ h⁻¹) space–time yield was obtained for sterol intermediate oxidation with the enhanced mass transfer effect of the continuous flow system. The doping of anionic selenium and phosphorus modulated the electronic structure of Se Ni₅P₄, and the oxyhydroxides generated by surface reconstruction accelerated the turnover of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO), thereby enhancing the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. A scale-up experiment was conducted with stacked-flow electrolyzer demonstrated the application potential. This work provided an efficient synergistic electrocatalytic strategy to facilitate rapid electron and mass transfer for electrochemical alcohol oxidation and highlighted the potential for practical electrosynthesis applications.     

我国不同产地红仁核桃及其油脂 营养成分的比较分析

为了促进红仁核桃的进一步开发利用及深加工产品研发，以我国山西、陕西、甘肃等7个产地的红仁核桃为原料，对其种仁的基本营养成分、矿质元素、VE，种皮酚类物质，及红仁核桃油的脂肪酸、甾醇、角鲨烯进行了测定与分析。结果表明：7个产地红仁核桃仁均含有大量的粗脂肪、粗蛋白质及总糖，含量分别为60.77~73.89、14.84~17.21、8.72~14.29 g/100 g；检测的8种矿质元素（K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Se）中，含量最高的常量元素K和微量元素Fe均以山西省平顺县的红仁核桃仁最高；红仁核桃仁中平均总VE含量为394.81 mg/kg,且均以γ-生育酚+β-生育三烯酚为主；陕西省商洛市八一基地的红仁核桃种皮中总酚含量最高，为462.23 mg/g;陕西省商洛市石门基地的红仁核桃种皮中总黄酮含量最高，为330.89 mg/g; 山西省平顺县红仁核桃种皮中花色苷含量最高，为065 mg/g;7个产地的红仁核桃油共检出10种脂肪酸，以亚油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸为主，其中云南省大理州、山西省平顺县的红仁核桃油中亚油酸含量较高；7个产地的红仁核桃油中平均总甾醇含量为231.94 mg/100 g，且均以谷甾醇为主，其中陕西省商洛市石门基地的红仁核桃油中谷甾醇含量最高，占比为72.08%；7个产地的红仁核桃油中平均角鲨烯含量为23.45 mg/kg，其中甘肃省成县红仁核桃油的角鲨烯含量最高，为37.34 mg/kg。综上，不同产地的红仁核桃及其油脂的营养成分含量具有一定的差异，但总体营养成分组成相同，其油脂中脂质伴随物的种类及含量较为丰富，具有较高的开发利用价值。