益生菌降解大豆源α-低聚糖和醛类物质的研究

从传统乳酸菌中分离获得6株产α-半乳糖苷酶的益生菌,研究了它们分解代谢豆乳中α-低聚糖和醛类物质的特性。首先分析了益生菌所产α-半乳糖苷酶的活性;接着探讨了益生菌在豆乳中37℃培养48 h期间,样品中α-低聚糖代谢水平,醛类物质的降解率。pH值变化和蛋白水解活性。结果表明,益生菌表现出不同的α-半乳糖苷酶的活性,乳双歧杆菌B12.0501所产α-半乳糖苷酶活性最高,达到21.8U/mL。豆乳中α-低聚糖和醛类物质的降解程度依赖于菌株类型和发酵时间。     

Psi(+)] prion generation in yeast: characterization of the 'strain' difference

The yeast cytoplasmically-inherited nonsense suppressor [PSI(+)] determinant is presumed to be a manifestation of the aggregated prion-like state of the Sup35 protein. Overexpression of the Sup35 protein induces generation of [PSI(+)] determinants with various suppressor efficiency and mitotic stabilities. Here, we demonstrate that the relative frequency of appearance of [PSI(+)] with different properties depends on the SUP35 allele used to induce their generation. The difference in properties of [PSI(+)] determinants was preserved after their transmission from one yeast strain to another. This difference correlated with variation in properties of the Sup35 protein. A novel type of prion instability was observed: some [PSI(+)] with weak suppressor efficiency could convert spontaneously into strong suppressor determinants.     

随机扩增多态性DNA技术在沙门氏菌同源性分析中的应用

目的:利用随机扩增多态性DNA技术(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)对从食品、蛋品样本或从业人员中收集到的67个地方菌株、4个模式菌株,涉及29种血清型的沙门氏菌进行同源性分析,为沙门氏菌食源性疾病的流行病学溯源和疫情控制提供理论依据.方法:选用筛选得到的10个碱基引物(CCGAAGCTGC)运用RAPD技术对不同来源的71株沙门氏菌进行随即引物扩增,得到的RAPD图谱使用NTSYS-pc2.10e软件进行聚类分析.结果:相似性系数在0.70时,71株沙门氏菌可以分为七大类群,其中最多的一群内聚集的菌株达54株,相似性系数在0.90时,可以分为26个群,最多的一群内聚集的菌株达18株,相似性系数为1.00时,有9个组群,最多的一组群内聚集的菌株达11.同源性结果和血清学鉴定的结果有90%的吻合率.结论:RAPD检测技术可以用于沙门氏菌食源性疾病的流行病学调查和溯源.     

High genetic variability in non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains by using Quadruplex PCR-based assay

Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates always show, by using a multiplex PCR-system, four DNA fragments specific for aflR, nor-1, ver-1, and omt-A genes. Non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains give variable DNA banding pattern lacking one, two, three or four of these genes. Recently, it has been found and reported that some aflatoxin non-producing A. flavus strains show a complete set of genes. Because less is known about the incidence of structural genes aflR, nor-1, ver-1 and omt-A in aflatoxin non-producing strains of A. flavus, we decided to study the frequencies of the aflatoxin structural genes in non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains isolated from food and feed commodities. The results can be summarized as following: 36.5% of the examined non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains showed DNA fragments that correspond to the complete set of genes (quadruplet pattern) as found in aflatoxigenic A. flavus. Forty three strains (32%) showed three DNA banding patterns grouped in four profiles where nor-1, ver-1 and omt-A was the most frequent profile. Twenty five (18.7%) of non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains yielded two DNA banding pattern whereas sixteen (12%) of the strains showed one DNA banding pattern. In one strain, isolated from poultry feed, no DNA bands were found. The nor-1 gene was the most representative between the four aflatoxin structural assayed genes. Lower incidence was found for aflR gene. Our data show a high level of genetic variability among non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates that require greater attention in order to design molecular experiment to distinguish true aflatoxigenic from non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains.     

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter（d）, the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth（h） were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.     

奶牛生物（活菌）饲料的研究

以酒精糟、白酒糟、碎玉米、啤酒糟等为原料,添加尿素、（NH4）2SO4及营养液F,采用“液体种子培养,多菌种混合固态发酵技术”生产奶牛生物（活菌）饲料。饲料粗蛋白平均含量36．55％、提高率1635％;酵母菌、有效细菌总数及活菌率分别为：7．85×10^8个g、7．11×10^9个,g和82．2％;β-淀粉酶1356mg／（g．h）、纤维素酶168um／（g．h）、中性蛋白酶1088ug／（g．min）、碱性蛋白酶372ug/（g·min）、糖化酶110u／（g．h）;VA80IU／（100g）、VB：2．35mg／（100g）、VD2945IU／（100g）、VC1．1mg／（100g）、烟酸10．7mg／（100g）。     

好氧菌群降解番茄酱加工废水的工业应用

研究了高效降解菌群对天业番茄制品有限公司废水的处理效果.结果表明:加入菌群能够有效缩短污泥培养时间;在41 d的处理期内,进水COD平均为743.07mg/L时,COD去除率平均为59.27％,出水COD平均为278.79 mg/L,出水pH为7.04,SS≤150 mg/L,出水符合GB 8978-1996《污水综合...     

微生物法处理含硫工业废气

指出了含硫工业废气传统处理方法的缺陷 ,介绍了微生物处理方法的优势所在 ;对微生物菌种的共同特征以及无机硫和有机硫脱除时菌种的选择依据进行了讨论 ,并对微生物法脱硫的机理进行了分析 ;评述了国内外生物滤池法、生物滴滤池法和生物吸收法等生物膜法脱硫的工艺及其工业化应用。指出了微生物法脱硫技术有待深入研究的问题、发展趋势和应用前景。     

合成生物学在生物基塑料制造中的应用

合成生物学是以工程学思想为指导,对天然生物基因组进行改造和重构,合成新的生物元件,构建新的代谢途径,生产新产品或获得新表型的新兴学科。生物基塑料是以天然物质为原料在微生物作用或化学反应下生成的塑料。利用合成生物学改造工程菌株的方法制备合成生物基塑料已经成为学术界和产业界关注的热点。本文综述了合成生物学的发展和重要的合成生物学技术,重点综述了利用合成生物学技术构建聚羟基烷酸酯、尼龙、聚乳酸和丁二酸丁二醇酯等生物基塑料聚合物单体及其衍生物的代谢途径和工程优化领域的研究进展。     

应变影响下单晶Ge薄膜热导率分析

利用非平衡态分子动力学模拟方法研究了应变对Ge薄膜热导率的影响。结果表明系统应变对单晶Ge薄膜热导率产生明显影响,热导率随着拉伸应变的增大而减小,随着压缩应变的增大而增大,得出声子速率降低以及薄膜表面重构是产生该模拟结果的内在原因。同时,采用修正的Callaway模型对NEMD结果进行理论验证,两种方法得到的结果吻合得较好。理论结果表明应变弛豫时间对Ge单晶薄膜的热导率产生了重要影响。