Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva

Some fruits and their anthocyanin-rich extracts have been reported to exhibit chemopreventive activity in the oral cavity. Insights regarding oral metabolism of anthocyanins remain limited. Anthocyanin-rich extracts from blueberry, chokeberry, black raspberry, red grape, and strawberry were incubated ex vivo with human saliva from 14 healthy subjects. All anthocyanins were partially degraded in saliva. Degradation of chokeberry anthocyanins in saliva was temperature dependent and decreased by heating saliva to 80 °C and after removal of cells. Glycosides of delphinidin and petunidin were more susceptible to degradation than those of cyanidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and malvidin in both intact and artificial saliva. Stability of di- and tri-saccharide conjugates of anthocyanidins slightly, but significantly, exceeded that of monosaccharide compounds. Ex vivo degradation of anthocyanins in saliva was significantly decreased after oral rinsing with antibacterial chlorhexidine. These results suggest that anthocyanin degradation in the mouth is structure-dependent and largely mediated by oral microbiota.     

Nitrogen availability drives the effect of Glomus intraradices on the growth of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants

BACKGROUND: On the one hand, the critical nitrogen (N) content curve allows the minimal N content necessary for maximum growth rate at any stage of crop development to be predicted. On the other hand, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transfer N from the soil to the plants and its growth and activity depends on the availability of soil N. Our objective was to investigate how the availability of N in the soil affects growth and the accumulation of N in inoculated strawberry plants. Root colonisation, dry matter accumulation and the critical N% curve were studied during growth of inoculated and non‐inoculated strawberry plants grown at several N levels. RESULTS: (1) The increase in the availability of N augmented root colonisation by AMF. (2) The effect of AMF on plant growth depended on N availability and the plant developmental status. (3) The critical %N curves were fitted by the following equations: %N = 2.81× (DM)^−0.21 (r² = 0.81) and %N = 2.89× (DM)^−0.32 (r² = 0.80) for inoculated and non‐inoculated plants, respectively (where DM is the weight of leaf dry matter, in g plant⁻¹). CONCLUSION: N availability was a key factor for root colonisation by AMF and for its contribution to plant growth. The patterns of the critical %N curves suggest that AMF modified the photosynthetic N use efficiency. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mass Transfer in Strawberry Tissue During Osmotic Treatment II: Structure-function Relationships

ABSTRACT: The surface response method demonstrated macroscopic changes in strawberry tissue during osmotic treatment (OT). Changes in the structural elements of strawberry were determined by evaluating bulk phenomena such us water loss, solid gain, and shrinkage. The changes were related to microstructural changes (determined in Part I) that took place in the same range of process conditions. The extension of impregnation, with respect to dewatering, increased as cellular shrinkage and cell destruction increased. The macroscopic effective diffusivity of water ranged from 5.1 ± 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 0.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²/s, which was 2 orders of magnitude higher than the microscopic effective diffusivity of water (in the order of magnitude of 10⁻¹² m²/s), calculated from cellular shrinkage.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法同时检测草莓中13种 农药残留

目的 建立一种固相萃取-毛细管柱气相色谱方法,可以同时检测草莓中13种农药残留量。方法 草莓样品匀浆后,经乙腈提取,NH₂固相萃取柱净化,采用HP-5毛细管气相色谱柱进行分离,GC-ECD 进行定性及定量分析。结果 13 种农药残留的色谱图分离效果良好,线性相关系数均大于0.996,方法检出限在0.01 mg.kg_-1~0.5 mg.kg_-1之间。添加回收试验表明,该方法平均回收率在70.5~114.5 % 之间,相对标准偏差在2.17~6.85 %之间。结论 该方法简单、快速、灵敏、净化效果好、回收率高,适合草莓中多种农药残留的检测和安全监控。通过对50份草莓样品进行检测,检出百菌清、乙草胺、毒死蜱、粉唑醇、醚菌酯、烯酰吗啉6种农药。     

不同预处理方式对速冻草莓花色苷含量的影响

研究了用不同预处理方式处理的速冻草莓在冻藏期间花色苷含量的变化.速冻预处理溶液采用蔗糖和氯化钙溶液,通过改变浸蘸溶液的质量分数和浸蘸时间来改变处理方式.研究表明,质量分数为20%的糖液浸蘸15 min的预处理方法花色苷的流失最少;5 g/L CaCl2溶液处理10 min的效果最为明显;混合预处理方式与以上两种方式相比,则效果较差.     

羧甲基壳聚糖/氧化羧甲基纤维素/姜黄素复合膜的制备及其在草莓涂膜保鲜中的应用

采用铸膜法制备了一种羧甲基壳聚糖/氧化羧甲基纤维素/姜黄素（CMCHS/ OCMC/ CR）三元复合材料。红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析显示,复合膜断面结构均匀,无分层,但表面粗糙度有所增大。与不添加姜黄素相比,复合材料具有更好的断裂应力（20.10 MPa）,断裂伸长率（18.97%）,抗真菌性能（黑曲霉抑菌圈15.33 mm,青霉抑菌圈14.58 mm）和透水性（2.11×10-3 g·m-1·kPa-1·h-1）。草莓保鲜实验结果表明,CMCHS/OCMC/CR复合材料涂膜可减缓贮藏过程中的失重率和可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、还原糖含量的下降。经贮藏8 d,草莓失重率比较空白对照减少了11.38%,较阳性对照减少了1.27%,硬度,可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、还原糖含量的下降分别较空白对照减少了10.00%、42.72%、7.39%、9.32%,较阳性对照分别减少了5.54%、7.42%、2.39%、11.12%。因此CMCHS/OCMC/CR（1%, m/m）复合膜显示出良好护色和抑制霉菌生长的保鲜作用,可作为良好的涂膜抗菌材料应用于食品包装材料中。     

草莓色素稳定性研究

本文以提纯的草莓色素为材料，研究了光照、ｐＨ值、温度等因素对其稳定性的影响，结果表明溶液酸度不仅对色素的吸收光谱有显著影响，而且对其稳定性也有一定影响。光照和加热都可以加快色素的降解，这种降解反应符合化学动力学一级反应规律，可用反应速率常数计算不同条件下产品中的色素含量。     

Elevated carbon dioxide affects fruit flavor in field‐grown strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)

The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on fruit quality and aroma volatile composition in field‐grown strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) was studied. Elevating the ambient CO₂ concentration (ambient + 300, and ambient +600 µmol mol^?1 CO₂) resulted in high fruit dry matter, fructose, glucose and total sugar contents and low citric and malic acid contents. High CO₂ growing conditions significantly enhanced the fruit content of ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl butanonate, hexyl acetate, hexyl hexanoate, furaneol, linalool and methyl octanoate. Thus, the total amounts of these compounds were higher in berries grown in CO₂‐enriched conditions than those grown in ambient conditions. The highest CO₂ enrichment (600 µmol mol^?1) condition yielded fruit with the highest levels of these aroma compounds. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

气调包装对草莓货架期延长保鲜内在品质的影响

植物组织或器官在衰老过程中常伴随细胞膜结构的破坏,导致组织结构和细胞区域化的丧失。研究经过气调包装(MAP)处理后草莓超微结构的变化,结果表明经过MAP处理能较好地维持草莓细胞形状。果胶酯酶(PE)活性是影响草莓货架期的内在因素之一。采用NaCl盐析法得到了草莓果胶酯酶粗提液,对草莓果胶酯酶的特性进行了探索。试验结果表明,氯化钙溶液对果胶酯酶的活性影响很大,植酸同样可抑制果胶酯酶的活性,以0.05%效果最好。