Hydration Study of the System Ca3Al2O6–CaSO4· 2H2O–Ca(OH)2–H2O with and without Citric Acid

Hydration occurring in the system Ca₃Al₂O₆–CaSO₄· 2H₂O–Ca(OH)₂–H₂O has been studied at different temperatures and it was found that the reactions are diffusion controlled. The kinetic data obeyed Jander's equation and the rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature. X-ray diffraction studies and calorimetric measurements show that when gypsum is consumed, ettringite is converted into monosulfate. The rate of this conversion also increased with the increasing temperature and decreased in the presence of citric acid. Spectroscopic studies showed that there was some interaction between citric acid and the cement and that the product of hydration is of colloidal nature. Zeta potential measurements show that retardation of Ca₃Al₂O₆ hydration in the presence of gypsum and Ca(OH)₂ is not due to SO²⁻₄ adsorption. Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric potential measurements of solid Ca₃Al₂O₆ show that Ca₃Al₂O₆ is an n -type semiconductor and contains defects. The retardation of Ca₃Al₂O₆ may be due to poisoning of reaction sites by gypsum and Ca(OH)_2.     

牛顿迭代法在求解物料平衡式中的应用

高炉数学模型是分析炉况、指导操作的有效工具.物料平衡是高炉生产遵循的基本理论,建立高炉数学模型中常需要建立物料平衡式计算相关数据.文章提出采用Newton迭代法来求解物料平衡式,并针对炉身模拟模型建立了物料平衡式并进行了求解.结果表明,Newton迭代法能够有效的求解物料平衡方程式,并具有易于软件实现,以及高效率、高精度的优点.     

用三维实体单元分析薄壁箱型结构应注意的问题

从四边固定正方形板受均布载荷的经典问题入手,结合不同类型单元的特点,探讨应用三维实体单元分析薄壁箱型结构时应注意的几个问题,纠正三维实体单元分析和应用的误区,为提高结构分析计算结果精度提供参考.     

基于BIM数据的建筑抗震弹塑性分析建模技术

针对建筑信息模型(Building Information Model,BIM)的共享数据标准为IFC标准,但现有软件导出的IFC格式模型缺少关键数据,不能满足结构非线性抗震分析数据需求的问题,提出建筑抗震弹塑性分析数据基于IFC标准的表达方法,编写C++转换程序将BIM包含的数据正确地转换成不同软件(如Marc和OpenSees等)的模型,从而可以使用不同的结构分析软件实现建筑抗震弹塑性分析.该方法为基于BIM数据实现建筑抗震弹塑性分析提供参考.     

基于属性约简的MPI运行时参数优化

目前MPI实现提供上百种可供调整的运行时参数,但默认的运行时参数不能发挥程序应有的性能。为了给应用程序提供接近最优的运行时参数,本文提出基于粗糙集理论中的属性约简建立优化模型。首先通过属性约简方法为不同基准程序产生参数组合值,再根据未知应用程序的程序特征通过所建立的优化模型为其预测参数值。实验表明,该方法可以有效地为未知应用程序预测参数值,并且比使用默认参数程序性能提升约20%。     

基于IOS平台的小型仓储管理系统设计

随着数字化、信息化技术在物流领域应用的飞速发展,各种各样的仓储管理系统日益受到关注。本文介绍的基于IOS平台的小型仓储管理系统是利用IOS设备对货物信息进行采集,通过SQLite数据库技术、ZXing库等软硬件方式构建的业务系统,可以较好地适应中小规模用户数据交互的需求。同时,系统具备造价低廉、操作便捷等优点。     

Synthesis of copolymers of tert‐butyl vinyl ether with maleic and citraconic anhydrides

In the present study, the effects of charge‐transfer complex formation and intramolecular fragmentation (side‐chain lactonization) in radical copolymerization of tert‐butyl vinyl ether (t‐BVE) with anhydrides of maleic (MA) and citraconic (CA) acids and the structure–thermal behavior relationships of the resulting copolymers were examined using the ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA analysis methods. It was shown that copolymerization under the chosen conditions proceeded through intramolecular fragmentation with the formation of γ‐lactone units. Side‐chain fragmentation of t‐BVE–MA and t‐BVE–CA copolymers also was confirmed by TGA and DSC analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2455–2463, 2006 2006     

Exploring single electrode reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Utilising a pseudo-reference electrode in polymer electrolyte fuel cells allows for the separation of anodic and cathodic contributions to the entire cell impedance. Modelling the impedance responses by using equivalent circuits inhibits the investigation of kinetic parameters of the basic electrochemical reactions, which take place at single electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Therefore, we evaluate single electrode impedance measurements by a kinetic model, which is based on specific reaction pathways, either for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). As a consequence, it is possible to obtain kinetic parameters for the specific reaction of interest. Furthermore, the information gained from the single electrode impedance measurements and the kinetic model can give insight into single reactions steps. In particular, the ORR has to include a chemical step in the reaction pathway.     

Specially elaborated thermally induced phase separation to fabricate poly(L‐lactic acid) scaffolds with ultra large pores and good interconnectivity

Poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds with pore diameters from several micrometers to ～300 μm were fabricated by a specially elaborated thermally induced phase separation technique. Two different coarsening protocols, i.e., normal coarsening and multi‐step coarsening were compared in consideration of phase separation and domain growth. A normal coarsening route produced scaffolds with pore size from several micrometers to 150 μm depending on the coarsening time after phase separation, accompanying with the emergence of isolated pores at long time coarsening. Scaffolds with large pores with size up to ～300 μm were fabricated by the two‐step coarsening technique, e.g., the PLLA‐solvent (dioxane/water) system was coarsened at a temperature after phase separation for a period, followed by coarsening at a lower temperature for another period. In parallel with formation of the large pores, the interconnectivity between pores was also improved, which was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, gelatin solution pervasion, and collagen entrapment. The present technique provides the ability to produce scaffolds with high purity, controllable microstructures, and ease of modification, and hence can be widely used in tissue engineering field. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3336–3342, 2006     

Biobased thermosets from the free‐radical copolymerization of conjugated linseed oil

New polymeric thermosets were prepared through the bulk free‐radical copolymerization of 100% conjugated linseed oil, acrylonitrile, and divinylbenzene. Under the appropriate reaction conditions and with the appropriate curing sequence, 61–96 wt % of the oil was incorporated into the crosslinked thermosets. The resulting yellow, transparent thermosets varied from being soft and flexible to being hard and brittle. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis showed that these thermosets had good mechanical properties and thermal stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 979–985, 2007