PVA/HA复合双层水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羟基磷灰石(HA)为原料,利用铸造干燥法与冷冻解冻法制备双层仿生软骨,并进行力学性能测试。结果表明:PVA/HA复合双层水凝胶力学性能优于PVA/HA复合水凝胶。利用铸造干燥法,PVA与HA间的交联结合将更加完善,力学性能得到提升。最优的PVA/HA复合双层水凝胶是采用铸造干燥法用PVA浓度为12%的溶液所制备出的双层水凝胶,其压缩弹性模量为(1.29±0.025)MPa,900s时应力松弛达到(60.14±0.64)%,最大形变和永久形变为(246.3±3.05)μm和(69.8±2.96)μm。     

Protective Effects of a Hyaluronan-Binding Peptide (P15-1) on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Inflammatory Environment

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from various sources, including bone marrow, have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the improvement of tissue repair/regeneration, including the repair of cartilage defects or lesions. Often the highly inflammatory environment after injury or during diseases, however, greatly diminishes the therapeutic and reparative effectiveness of MSCs. Therefore, the identification of novel factors that can protect MSCs against an inflammatory environment may enhance the effectiveness of these cells in repairing tissues, such as articular cartilage. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide (P15-1) that binds to hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, protects bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in an inflammatory environment. The results showed that P15-1 reduced the mRNA levels of catabolic and inflammatory markers in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-treated human BMSCs. In addition, P15-1 enhanced the attachment of BMSCs to HA-coated tissue culture dishes and stimulated the chondrogenic differentiation of the multipotential murine C3H/10T1/2 MSC line in a micromass culture. In conclusion, our findings suggest that P15-1 may increase the capacity of BMSCs to repair cartilage via the protection of these cells in an inflammatory environment and the stimulation of their attachment to an HA-containing matrix and chondrogenic differentiation.     

Quality Attributes and Microbial Storage Stability of Caviar from Cultivated White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

ABSTRACT:  Caviar was prepared from white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ) roe by adjusting the water phase salt (WPS) to 4.0% to 6.3% by adding food grade NaCl. Fish were obtained from 2 different farms from the Inland Northwest ( N  = 5). Salt was absorbed at a different rate and to a different extent by roe from different fish. The lipid content in the fish roe varied from 10.2% to 14.4% (w/w), with palmitic acid and oleic acid being the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids present, respectively. The caviar contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (35% to 37%) with docosahexanoic acid being the most abundant ω-3 long chain fatty acid. There were no significant differences in microbial storage stability for caviars from different fish stored at 3 °C. However, for caviar stored at 7 °C, there was less growth of  Listeria monocytogenes  (using a cocktail of ATCC 19114, 7644, 19113 strains) in 2 samples (2B46 and 0F05) until day 20. In 2 other samples (453F and 2519), which had lower initial microbial loads, less overall microbial growth was observed, indicating that culture and harvest practices result in compositional differences between fish, which may impact both product composition and storage stability.     

磨粒分析技术在骨关节炎评估中的应用研究

鉴于磨损颗粒在机械系统以及人造膝关节的磨损过程中起着主要作用,由此可以在理论上进行假设,膝关节中产生的磨粒对骨关节炎的产生和发展中有一定的影响。通过多学科领域的创新拓展探讨这种假设:利用羊的膝关节和磨损试验台进行磨损实验;对羊关节软骨和磨粒样本进行采集和分析;将磨粒样本和关节软骨样本的表面特征进行如下的关联:磨粒和关节软骨磨损特征间的关系;磨粒样本磨损特征与骨关节炎程度间的关系。为探讨硬度与骨关节炎发展的关系,对磨粒进行硬度试验。结果证明在磨损过程中产生的磨粒所携带的信息,对骨关节炎的评估和诊断是很有价值的。     

聚氨酯耳廓软骨支架的快速成形工艺

在体外构建外形逼真、机械强度可调节的个性化耳廓软骨支架,是组织工程方法修复外耳耳廓缺损的重要方向之一。针对这一研究目的,采用基于快速成形原理的熔融挤出成形方法,使用颗粒状聚氨酯生物材料,通过搭建试验平台,设计一系列工艺因素对成形过程及支架力学性能的影响试验,研究制造耳廓软骨支架的最优工艺参数范围。试验发现:喷头温度影响材料挤出稳定性和弹性;成形室温度影响结构整齐度和层间结合度;送料速度和扫描速度,与挤出速度的匹配关系,影响出丝的均匀度和成形过程的稳定性;不同扫描速度的喷头所形成的温度场分布,影响已成形结构的弹性;成形过程存在最小局部反复造型面积;温度以及CLI数字模型离散处理参数,影响支架力学性能。结果表明,熔融挤出成形方法制备的聚氨酯材料耳廓软骨支架,不仅可以实现逼真的耳廓外形,还可通过控制各种工艺参数,得到接近天然耳廓的力学强度,以满足临床中不同病患的个性化需求。     

The ultra-low friction of the articular surface is pH-dependent and is built on a hydrophobic underlay including a hypothesis on joint lubrication mechanism

In this study, the influence of pH on interfacial energy distributed over the phospholipids-bilayer surface model and the effect of hydrophobicity on coefficient of friction (f) were investigated by using microelectrophoresis. An important clinical implication of deficiency in hydrophobicity is the loss of phospholipids that is readily observed in osteoarthritis joints. This paper establishes the influence of pH on interfacial energy upon an increase f, which might be associated with a decrease of hydrophobicity of the articular surface.     

关节软骨工程研究进展

关节软骨损伤难以自我修复,随着生命科学和工程学的发展,组织工程应运面生,人们利用工程学方法构建再生各种组织和器官来代替病损组织,构建生物特性与正常关节软骨相似的组织工程是目前组织工程研究的热点之一。     

人股骨头软骨与半月板黏弹性分析

为了了解真实人体病态与正常关节软骨组织在力学性能上的差异,做了黏弹性分析实验．对于正常组和病态组的半月板,应力松弛曲线G(t)-1nt的斜率Kt分别是-0．1 17 9和-0．085 6,G(t)的终点值Ge分别是0．525 0和0．571 0．对于正常组和病态组的股骨头软骨,Kr分别是-0．101 4和～0．063 3,Ge分别是0．591 5和0．663 2．对于正常组和病态组的半月板,蠕变曲线J(t)-1nt的斜率Kc分别是0．208 O和0.109 5,J(t)的终点值Je分别是1．953 8和1．493 1．对于正常组和病态组的股骨头软骨,Kc分别是0．167 3和0．120 7,Je分别是1．854 9和1．599 8．病态组标本的应力松弛和蠕变量明显比正常组低,主要原因是胶原纤维变性和蛋白多糖减少．     

乙酯型鱼油对小鼠骨性关节炎的改善作用

目的：研究乙酯型鱼油（fish oil,FO）对骨性关节炎小鼠软骨退变的改善作用。方法：9 周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠构建内侧半月板不稳骨性关节炎模型。术后8 周,随机分成假手术组、模型对照组、阳性对照组和FO低、高剂量组。每天灌胃1 次,持续灌胃60 d后,取关节软骨组织行苏木精-伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝染色及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qPCR）分析。结果：苏木精-伊红和甲苯胺蓝染色分析表明FO能够显著改善软骨结构,维持软骨基质的稳定。qPCR结果表明,FO能显著提高Acan、Col2α1的mRNA表达,维持软骨细胞正常表型;抑制Col10α1、Runx-2、Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的表达,抑制软骨细胞的肥大分化及异常凋亡。同时,FO能够显著降低mTOR的mRNA表达,提高LC-3B和ATG-5的mRNA表达,促进自噬进程,维持软骨的稳态。结论：FO能够通过激活软骨细胞自噬进程来抑制骨性关节炎小鼠的软骨退变进程。     

乳杆菌发酵鲟鱼骨酶解液条件优化及营养成分分析

为提高鲟鱼骨的有效利用率和附加值,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化类植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paraplantarum）L-ZS9发酵鲟鱼软骨酶解液的最佳工艺参数,得到的最佳发酵条件为：葡萄糖添加量17.11 g/L、接种量4.27%、发酵起始pH 5.95、发酵时间20.07 h。在此条件下,菌株L-ZS9的活菌数为（3.55±0.10）×108 CFU/mL。在此基础上,进一步考察发酵前后鲟鱼软骨酶解液中基本营养成分含量的变化,结果显示,经类植物乳杆菌L-ZS9发酵后,软骨酶解液中可溶性钙质量浓度达20.88 mg/mL,与发酵前相比显著增加。同时,软骨酶解液中的磷、镁及蛋白质含量分别提高了14.4%、6.5%和26.7%。本研究为鲟鱼骨的精深加工开发提供了新思路和一定理论支持。