植物乳杆菌HCS03-001安全性评价及其益生特性分析

为了对植物乳杆菌HCS03-001(CGMCC No.16258)进行安全性评价以及益生特性的研究,通过溶血实验、耐药实验及急性经口毒性实验评价其安全性,通过对酸环境及胆盐环境的耐受性实验、抑菌功能特性实验及通便功效试验评价该菌株的益生特性.结果表明,植物乳杆菌HCS03-001在哥伦比亚血琼脂培养基上无透明圈形成,即...     

多种固化材料对重金属污染底泥稳定化的研究

采用毒性浸出方法,考察了固化材料生石灰、沸石、硅藻土、活性炭、磷酸二氢钾对底泥中重金属的稳定化效果。结果发现,当生石灰与磷酸二氢钾添加量为120 g/kg干底泥时,底泥中锰的浸出浓度下降了80%以上,镉的浸出浓度下降了90%以上,铅的浸出浓度下降了70%以上,铜的浸出浓度下降了85%以上,锌的浸出浓度下降了85%以上。     

基于动物染毒试验的不同聚合物材料烟气毒性研究

采用动物染毒试验法研究了小鼠对8种不同建筑聚合物材料的烟气的生理反应、体重变化以及存活情况,并根据小鼠的症状对各种材料的烟气毒性进行级别判定,同时对它们的烟气产生和毒性来源进行了分析探讨。结果表明,酚醛树脂的烟气毒性可以达到AQ1级,橡塑保温材料和聚苯乙烯材料为ZA3级,铝塑复合板的烟气毒性受芯材的影响很大,而聚氨酯泡沫、PC聚碳酸酯中空板的烟气毒性高至WX级。     

Pre-treatment of kraft pulp bleach plant effluent by selected ultrafiltration membranes

Three ultrafiltration membranes in series with molar mass cutoffs of 130,000, 15,000, and 5,000 Da, respectively were used to pretreat Kraft pulp bleach plant effluent prior to biological treatment. The TOC (total organic carbon), COD (chemical oxygen demand) and AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) reductions for the permeate were 65, 70 and 85%, respectively with no significant change of toxicity. Treatment of the ultrafiltration permeate using tighter ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes with molar mass cutoffs less than 1,500 Da, yielded TOC and AOX reductions of 90 and 99%, respectively with a permeate Microtox EC₅₀ level of 100%.     

工业化学品的环境风险评价

讨论了化学品风险评价的常用术语及基本程序,对生态毒性在评价中的地位特别予以强调,并提出了与其相关的评价程序,即理化参数分析、毒性扫描、亚急性毒性试验和慢性毒性试验或微生态系统试验,建议我国应尽快全面实施工业化学品的环境风险评价工作。     

低毒性刨花板用脲醛树脂胶的研制

对低毒脲醛树脂制造挤压刨花板 (抽空 )的研究结果表明 :采用低毒脲醛树脂 ,不仅挤压刨花板甲醛释放量可以满足E2 级标准 ,而且甲醛释放量可以满足E1 级标准。     

盐度入侵城市污水处理厂对淡水活性污泥的毒性抑制

盐度入侵城市污水处理厂改变了活性污泥的胞外渗透压环境,影响生物系统的生物活性和污染物降解能力。采用MUCT工艺处理真实生活污水,模拟了盐度入侵对系统处理效率的影响。并结合污染降解动力学和抑制动力学建立了盐度抑制模型,系统地评测了盐度对活性污泥功能性微生物的毒性抑制。结果表明,盐度入侵造成了功能性微生物的活性损失,干扰了正常的污水处理能力。毒性抑制显著地降低了好氧微生物的呼吸作用,以此作为毒性评估的依据会造成对抑制作用的高估。而以底物降解速率评估盐度毒性抑制可以很好地指示污水处理效率。盐度对有机物降解异养菌、硝化菌和反硝化菌抑制的IC₅₀值分别是20.64 g·L^-1、11.61 g·L^-1、10.88 g·L^-1。     

不同杀菌剂对玉米丝黑穗病原菌室内抑菌作用

采用孢子萌发法测定了戊唑醇、三唑酮、多菌灵和福美双4种杀菌剂对玉米丝黑穗病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用和毒力。结果表明，戊唑醇对玉米丝黑穗病菌孢子的萌发抑制作用最强，EC50为0．0369mg／L，表现出非常高的毒力．显著高于其他3种药剂．是防治该病害非常优秀的杀菌剂。     

无毒和低毒防污涂料的研究进展及存在问题

防污涂料作为一个有效解决海生物污损的方法,在船舶、海洋水下设施上得到广泛应用。随着环保意识的增强以及各种相关规定的制订,各国开始竞相研制开发新型无毒和低毒防污涂料。本文在介绍无毒和低毒防污剂、防污涂料的种类、研究现状、应用效果的基础上,论述了从防污剂的筛选到防污涂料实船实验的一系列研制过程以及研制过程中存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi in Danio rerio

In aquatic organisms, cadmium exposure occurs from ovum to death and the route of absorption is particularly wide, being represented by skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract, through which contaminated water and/or preys are ingested. It is known that cadmium interferes with the gut; however, less information is available on cadmium effects on an important component of the gut, namely goblet cells, specialized in mucus synthesis. In the present work, we studied the effects of two sublethal cadmium concentrations on the gut mucosa of Danio rerio. Particular attention was paid to changes in the distribution of glycan residues, and in metallothionein expression in intestinal cells. The results show that cadmium interferes with gut mucosa and goblet cells features. The effects are dose- and site-dependent, the anterior gut being more markedly affected than the midgut. Cadmium modifies the presence and/or distribution of glycans in the brush border and cytoplasm of enterocytes and in the goblet cells’ cytoplasm and alters the metallothionein expression and localization. The results suggest a significant interference of cadmium with mucosal efficiency, representing a health risk for the organism in direct contact with contamination and indirectly for the trophic chain.