The effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on the nitrification of forest soils

The effect of fertilization with urea and ammonium nitrate on nitrogen mineralization was studied in a series of laboratory incubation experiments. The samples (humus layer) were collected from field experiments with different applications of fertilizers during a period of 11–14 years. The nitrogen fertilization influenced some chemical properties of the humus layer such as pH, N-Kjeldahl content and the content of inorganic nitrogen, especially in the samples from North Sweden. Nitrate nitrogen was formed in humus samples classified as non-nitrifying in several cases, usually after urea fertilization.     

施磷方式对蓖麻生长和铅积累的影响

采用盆栽实验研究了土壤重金属铅污染下（1 000mg·kg-1）,磷肥根施和根施配合叶面喷施两种方式对能源作物蓖麻生长和铅积累特征的影响。结果表明,根施磷肥对蓖麻形态和生物量影响很小,而根施配合叶面喷施显著地提高了蓖麻总生物量。根施磷肥降低了蓖麻地下部对铅的富集,根施配合叶面喷施则大幅度提高了蓖麻叶片对铅的积累量,从而提高了蓖麻地上部的铅积累量,两者与对照相比分别提高了90.01%和79.40%。磷肥根施配合叶面喷施对蓖麻铅富集系数影响很小,但大大提高了转运系数,达0.549,是对照的1.91倍。因此,适当的磷肥根施配合叶面喷施可以有效提高蓖麻铅从根系到地上部的转移能力,从而提高蓖麻对土壤铅的萃取能力和修复效果。     

动力学仿真软件在1LB─240型水平摆式犁油缸运动选型中的应用研究

以1LB-240型水平摆式犁中用于犁体换向的油缸设计为例,首先对其在田间的工作状况进行运动学、动力学分析,然后应用机械三维设计软件SolidW orks及内嵌其中的动力学仿真软件DDM对其仿真,找出了犁耕作业过程中油缸的恰当运动方式———匀速运动,为农业机械产品的设计开发提供了一条新的思路。     

基于PLC的灌溉施肥控制系统的设计与实现

针对传统农田灌溉施肥存在的浪费水资源、液体肥不均匀等问题,提出利用欧姆龙SYSMAC C系列可编程控制器和组态王6.55监控软件设计一套PLC灌溉施肥控制系统,利用传感器采集数据控制农田按需灌溉、按量施肥,实现自动灌溉施肥和监控管理,节省人力、实用性强。     

Measurement of oocyte temporal maturation process by means of a simple optical micro-system

We present a simple optical micro-system used to measure the transmission spectra of oocytes in order to qualify their maturation stage. Two applications of the device are possible: (i) the evaluation of the maturation stages of oocytes, and (ii) the development of a fertilization indicator. For the first application, GV, MI and MII oocytes were also analysed. Transmission spectra allow the 3 maturation stages to be identified but cannot be used to estimate the maturity of an unknown oocyte. Oocytes are subject to continuous development. This is why spectral separation of the 3 maturation stages cannot be made although they can be visually identified. However, the visual observation remains biologist-dependent. We therefore investigated the temporal maturation evolution of the oocytes in terms of transmission spectra and probability analysis. Results show that oocytes to be fertilized should not only be chosen in the MII stage, but also at the right time during the MII stage. This particular aspect requires further investigation. However, spectral measurements could be used as a technique for monitoring the maturation evolution of the oocytes. Fertilized oocytes exhibiting fertilization abnormalities were also tested. The device proved to be an efficient fertilization indicator.     

液态肥扭力靶式流量计的研制及试验研究

为了实时检测液态肥变量施肥系统中排肥口的流量,研制了一种液态肥扭力靶式流量计.采用力-扭力管-应变电压的转换方式设计了流量计结构,建立了流量与应变电压的数学模型;采用FLUENT软件分析了不同靶片形状和不同直径比对扭力靶式流量计性能的影响;制作样机并对扭力靶式流量计的性能进行了校验实验.实验结果表明,该扭力靶式流量计测量结果稳定可靠,可测流量范围为0.2m3/h~3.9m3/h,误差小于2.0%FS.满足液态肥变量施肥系统中流量测量的要求.     

Plumes of discolored water of volcanic origin and possible implications for algal communities. The case of the Home Reef eruption of 2006 (Tonga, Southwest Pacific Ocean)

The Home Reef volcano (Tonga, Southwest Pacific Ocean) erupted in August 2006. Initially a submarine eruption it quickly evolved into a subaerial event upon the formation of an ephemeral island.Remote sensing data from different sensors including MODIS, ASTER, EO-1 ALI and Landsat-7 ETM+ were used to analyze the event, focusing on the plumes of discolored water, ocean chlorophyll-a concentration (OCC) and sea surface temperature.An early classification system for the plumes was devised based on spectral properties and point of origin. Plumes originated at the volcano were named Type-I and those associated to the pumice rafts Type-II.Anomalies in ocean chlorophyll-a concentration, measured using MODIS data, were analyzed and a large bloom, presumably dominated by Trichodesmium sp. was identified. The bloom, which contributed to OCC values 17 times higher than the background, was spatially and temporally coincident with a Type-I plume of discolored water. The OCC increase appears to have been caused by a combined effect of both ocean fertilizations by the subsurface volcanic plume and rising sea surface temperatures.The Home Reef event offers a good candidate for a case of ocean enrichment by a submarine volcano and highlights the need for continuous monitoring of the eruptions even after the end of the explosive, more spectacular stages.     

测土配方施肥与复混肥料

阐述20年来我国土壤养分变化的特点,提出用肥应坚持稳氮、磷,增钾肥、微肥、有机肥。测土配方施肥中,还应注意:土壤障碍因子、某种元素临界法与供应强度,肥料利用率等问题。对专用肥配方、复混肥的浓度、复混肥标准的一些规定从农艺角度提出一些意见。最后介绍几种常见作物的复混肥配方及施肥量、施肥方法。     

平衡施肥对稻田产量和土壤养分的影响

分析了水稻田土壤营养状况，土壤中N、P、K、Zn、Mn、Si等对沈农606超级稻的营养特性、吸肥规律、以及产量、质量的影响。对平衡施肥和生物肥技术进行了实验研究。试验区土壤有机质含量处于一般水平，土壤速效N、P、K、Zn及Mn普遍缺乏；N、K、Mn、Zn、Si均为产量限制因子。应用高产优质平衡施肥技术可以显著增加作物产量，多点平均产量为12．58t／hm^2，较习惯施肥区产量增加1．46t／hm^2，增产13．13％。     

平衡施肥对稻田产量和土壤养分的影响

分析了水稻田土壤营养状况,土壤中N、P、K、Zn、Mn、Si等对沈农606超级稻的营养特性、吸肥规律、以及产量、质量的影响。对平衡施肥和生物肥技术进行了实验研究。试验区土壤有机质含量处于一般水平,土壤速效N、P、K、Zn及Mn普遍缺乏;N、K、Mn、Zn、Si均为产量限制因子。应用高产优质平衡施肥技术可以显著增加作物产量,多点平均产量为12.58t/hm2,较习惯施肥区产量增加1.46t/hm2,增产13.13%。