湖南清洁取暖政策探讨及建议

借鉴北方地区清洁取暖鼓励政策,在湖南既有的地热开发规划和电能替代方案基础上,制订清洁取暖扶持政策,从规划、技术、价格、财政、金融、产业链方面支持项目建设开发、培育千亿产业链,打造新的高质量经济增长点,实践探索出一条南方地区清洁取暖的可持续发展路径。     

英汉语篇衔接手段对比的实证研究——以《想北平》汉英两个版本为例

自1976年韩礼德和哈桑的语篇衔接理论首创以来,语篇的衔接就一直被国内外众多语言学家所研究．文中运用该衔接理论框架对《想北平》及其英译文中体现的部分语篇衔接手段进行了统计和对比,在结合定量分析和定性分析的基础上,发现汉英两种语言在语篇衔接手段的使用上各有所偏重,汉语更常用原词复现和省略,而英语则多用照应和替代．     

高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉的性质研究(Ⅱ)——流变学性质

研究了高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉溶液的流变学性质及其影响因素。结果表明：高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉在５％～２０％浓度范围,２０～４０℃范围内呈现假塑性流体特征,符合幂定律;高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉浓度越高,温度越低,其假塑性越明显;取代度对羟丙基玉米淀粉的流变性影响较显著,而ｐＨ值的影响则较小;高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉具有剪切稀化性质,其表观粘度受剪切速率的影响并不太明显。     

高取代度羧甲基淀粉的合成及性能研究

以木薯淀粉、氯乙酸为原料,异丙醇为溶剂,多次加碱工艺合成高取代度羧甲基淀粉(CMS).通过正交实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物料浓度、水的用量对取代度的影响,对影响羧甲基淀粉醚取代度的各因素进行了优化.制备取代度DS＞1.3的木薯羧甲基淀粉的原料最佳摩尔比:力[木薯淀粉(以吡喃环单元AGU计)]:n(氯乙酸)=1:3,n(氢氧化钠):n(氯乙酸)=2.5:1,醇与水的体积比为19:1,碱化温度30℃,碱化时间60 min,醚化温度50℃,醚化时间120 min.     

Chemical Stability of Ti-Modified MCM-41 Catalysts in the Hydroxylation of Benzene in the Liquid Phase

Ti-substituted MCM-41 and Ti-grafted MCM-41 materials possessing both well-ordered long-range and pore structures have been used as catalysts for the hydroxylation of benzene in the liquid phase. The stability of the catalytic performance and the changes in the structural characteristics of Ti-modified MCM-41 resulting from the hydroxylation reaction have been investigated. It has been found that Ti-grafted MCM-41 exhibits better stability of catalytic performance than Ti-substituted MCM-41. For the Ti-substituted MCM-41, the migration of framework Ti into non-framework sites results in a decrease in the catalytic performance and the partial collapse of the pore structure. For the Ti-grafted MCM-41, the hydroxylation of benzene induces a smaller decrease in the pore volume and specific surface area than that observed for Ti-substituted MCM-41.     

5-氨基水杨酸的合成工艺改进

采用简单易行的操作方法对现有的5-氨基水杨酸的合成工艺进行改进。以2-氯苯甲酸(Ⅰ)为起始原料通过n(质量分数98%硫酸)∶n(质量分数65%硝酸)=6∶1的混酸进行硝化反应,得到2-氯-5-硝基苯甲酸(Ⅱ),化合物Ⅱ再与质量分数为15%的氢氧化钠进行亲核取代反应得到中间体5-硝基水杨酸(Ⅲ),最后由铁粉/锌粉与浓盐酸作为还原剂与中间体Ⅲ进行还原反应,得到最终产物5-氨基水杨酸(Ⅳ),3步反应总收率为61%,并且中间体及产品的结构均经IR、~1HNMR和MS进行表征。     

氟利昂体系汽液平衡二元相互作用参数的普遍化关联

用ＭＨ（８１）方程关联了十一个氟利昂体系的等温汽液平衡数据，得出其二元相互作用参数，关联结果同实验符合良好。根据分子热力学的基本原理，加上一些经验的关联，提出了一个四常数的关联式来关联氟利昂混合物的ＭＨ（８１）方程二元相互作用参数，利用关联结果推算了ＤＭＥ／Ｒ１５２ａ体系在２８３．３１Ｋ、２９３．８４Ｋ、Ｒ２３／Ｒ２２在２５８．１５Ｋ和Ｒ３２、Ｒ１５２ａ在２７３．１５Ｋ的等温汽液平衡，与实验数据进行对照吻合良好，表明此式有相当程度的预测性，在氟利昂替代物的预选和工程计算中有重要的实际应用价值。     

Alkali metal ion substitution induced luminescence enhancement of NaLaMgWO6:Eu3+ red phosphor for white light-emitting diodes

Alkali metal ion substitution is an effective strategy to improve the luminescence properties of phosphors. In this work, a series of red-emitting phosphors Na_1-xLi_x/2K_x/2La_0.6Eu_0.4MgWO₆ were prepared by a traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction. Their phase structure, microstructure, luminescence properties and potential application in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) were investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) result revealed the formation of a solid solution when x?≤?0.3, which kept monoclinic structure of NaLaMgWO₆. Photoluminescence investigation indicated that the partial substitution of Li⁺/K⁺ ions for Na⁺ ions improved largely the red emission of Eu³⁺. Based on the optimized Na_0.7Li_0.15K_0.15La_0.6Eu_0.4MgWO₆ sample with relatively good thermal stability, a WLED device was fabricated by combining a near-ultraviolet (NUV) chip (~400?nm) with the phosphor mixture of commercial green/blue phosphors and the optimized red phosphor. The results indicated that the optimized red phosphor in this work could be a potential candidate for WLEDs pumped by NUV chips.     

Influence of Cr3+ substitution for Mg2+ on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of CaMg1-xCr2x/3Si2O6 ceramics

The CaMg_1-xCr_2x/3Si₂O₆ (0?≤?x?≤?0.1) microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized via conventional solid state reaction. In this study, the effects of Cr³⁺ substituting for Mg²⁺ on morphology, crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of CaMg_1-xCr_2x/3Si₂O₆ ceramics were explored. XRD diffraction patterns exhibited that the CaMg_1-xCr_2x/3Si₂O₆ ceramics possessed the pure phase of CaMgSi₂O₆ when x?≤?0.06 and a small amount of secondary phase Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃ for 0.08?≤?x?≤?0.1. SEM micrographs revealed that the substitution of Mg²⁺ with Cr³⁺ could decrease the grain size. The apparent density was affected by the concentration of Mg vacancies. The correlation between crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties was investigated through the Rietveld refinement and Raman analysis. The microwave dielectric properties were mainly dependent on relative density, ionic polarizabilities, internal strain ?, disordered structure and MgO₆ octahedron distortions. Finally, CaMg_1-xCr_2x/3Si₂O₆ (x?=?0.02) ceramics sintered at 1270?°C for 3?h exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties of ε_r?=?8.06, Q?×?f?=?89054?GHz, τ_f?=??44.92182?ppm/ºC.     

Tannins/melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resins substitution of chrome in leather and its characterization by thermomechanical analysis

A new sulfonated melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin of relatively low melamine content, prepared according to a sequential formulation, has been shown to be highly effective when coupled with different natural vegetable tannins to produce leather with the same good characteristics of leather prepared with chrome salts. In particular, the antishrinkage effectiveness of the leather prepared according to the new approach is comparable to that obtained with chrome tanned leathers. The comparison of the traditional leather shrinkage temperatures test method with a new thermomechanical analysis (TMA) test method in tension yields thermograms presenting three major modulus of elasticity (MOE) peaks. These are closely connected to molecular level phenomena determining the shrinkage temperature of leather. The three determining parameters appear to be as follows: (1) The average value of the temperatures at which the three MOE peaks occur: the higher the value of this average, the lower is the shrinkage of leather. (2) The average of maximum MOE values of the TMA peaks: the higher this average is, the better is the leather in regard to antishrinkage effectiveness. This means the leather maximum MOE at each peak is a measure of the resistance to the contraction force induced by heat. (3) The relative intensity of the first TMA peak in relation to the second: the higher the value of the MOE for the first TMA peak is in relation to the second peak, the lower the leather shrinkage appears to be. However, it has not been possible to better define or quantify this latter effect. This new TMA test method in tension has also yielded a mathematical relationship correlating the thermogram peak temperatures and MOE averages with the traditional shrinkage temperature to a high degree of confidence. A previous TMA test method, in compression, has proven to yield more problematic and finally not very reliable results when one needs to apply it to a wide variety of different cases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1889–1903, 2003