Phenolic acids composition and antioxidant activity of canola extracts in cooked beef,chicken and pork

Crude polyphenol extracts (15 or 100 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg meat) from canola meal reduced the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in pre-cooked beef (66–92%), pork (43–75%) and chicken (36–70%). The canola extract contained sinapic (99.7%), ferulic (0.28%) and p-hydroxybenzoic acids (0.07%).     

Perception of Beer Flavour Associates with Thermal Taster Status

Beer flavour, and thus much of the consumer experience of beer, is determined by the sensations elicited when it is taken into the mouth. Thus, individual differences in the perception of these oral sensations may contribute to the variation in consumer behaviour. A new taste phenotype shown to associate with the intensity of oral sensations elicited by simple solutions is thermal taster status (TTS). Thermal tasters (TTs) perceive ‘phantom’ tastes with thermal stimulation of the tongue, while thermal non‐tasters (TnTs) do not. Here, we investigate the effect of TTS on the perceived intensity of bitterness, sourness, sweetness, fullness, carbonation and overall flavour intensity elicited by seven beers representing classic styles — wheat beer, brown ale, pale ale, low‐alcohol lager, standard lager, high‐alcohol lager and stout. A strong trend was observed for TTs (n = 20) to rate attributes higher than TnTs (n = 20) for all beers except the stout, with these differences significant in many instances (ANOVA or binomial analysis). It is concluded that TTS may be an important determinant of individual differences in the perception of beer flavour, but beer liking and preference are more complex phenomena than can be accounted for by this phenotype alone.     

多菌种混合发酵对主食风味的影响

随着经济的发展和生活水平的不断提高,对主食的质量提出了更高的要求。传统主食发酵剂属于混合菌种发酵,发酵的馒头风味独特,深受人们的青睐。近年研究发现混合菌种发酵的酸面团能够改善面包产品的风味和质构,增加谷物产品的营养价值,延长货架期等。对多菌种混合发酵主食产生的风味物质进行了研究,包括风味物质的组成、影响因素和检测等。     

The Influence of Heavy Metal Ions on Beer Flavour Stability

In this study, the importance of iron and copper ions and their radical formation via the respective Fenton and Haber‐Weiss reactions was confirmed. Of the other heavy metals present in the brewing process in relevant concentrations, the impact of manganese ions on beer flavour stability has been elucidated. In contrast to iron and copper, manganese ions are not removed from wort or beer to any great extent during the process. Additionally, manganese shows a similar radical‐promoting effect to that seen with iron and copper. Its reactivity, and typically higher concentration than the other two metals in beer, appear to make manganese an especially potent pro‐oxidant in beer. The results of the investigation clearly indicate that there are other heavy metals influencing the stale flavour characteristics of beer, in addition to the well‐known metals, iron and copper. In contrast to the aforementioned ions, manganese does not enter the product by being leached out of a tank or from piping materials, but rather comes from the cereals employed in brewing. This finding, concerning the importance of manganese as a redox system in beer staling, can serve as a basis for a different approach in the choice of raw materials.     

A Review of Flavour Formation in Continuous Beer Fermentations*

The attractive prospect of a continuous beer fermentation system consists mostly of the accelerated transformation of wort into beer. Although continuous beer fermentation has been studied as a promising technology for several decades, the number of industrial applications is still limited. The major obstacle hindering the extensive industrial exploitation of this technology is the difficulty in achieving the correct balance of sensory compounds in the short time typical for continuous systems. This paper offers an integral view on the particularities of continuous systems, which may impart beer a sensorial character distinct from conventionally fermented counterparts. The main groups of flavour active compounds are discussed from the perspective of possible control strategies by means of process parameters and strain selection.     

浅析舍得、沱牌白酒质量控制三不用

舍得、沱牌白酒质量控制的“三不用”即不用香精香料、甜味剂和净化介质。分析舍得、沱牌白酒生产过程中“三不用”的原因,介绍保证舍得、沱牌白酒“三不用”的措施,通过产品对比说明“三不用”方法生产的舍得、沱牌白酒系列酒更醇、更爽、更自然、其成本更低。     

The influence of malt and wort processing on spirit character: the lost styles of Scotch malt whisky

Over the last 50 years there has been considerable analytical research on the malt parameters which govern the flavour and aroma, i.e. the ‘character’, of Scotch malt whisky. This has led to a standard format, the Flavour Wheel, to describe the attributes of any malt spirit and to relate them to a common group of malt parameters. What has not been well documented in the same period are the changes in malt processing technology which have led to a gradual but significant change in the concentrations of reference compounds used in the Flavour Wheel relating to sulphury, nutty/burnt/smoky, peaty and fruity/estery characters. This review covers the most significant of these changes, which have become common practice across the industry, and specifically demonstrates how different malting barley varieties, malt kilning and peating, wort recovery, yeast management, and wash still heating have all contributed to the loss of some styles of malt whisky. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

中温发酵酸乳的游离氨基酸、脂肪酸和感官特性的研究

采用正交设计试验研究了球杆菌比例、全脂乳浓度、发酵终点以及蔗糖添加量对中温发酵酸乳的风味和游离氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的影响。以9个不同的酸乳工艺配方为研究对象,采用主成分分析法(PCA)研究了不同样品的感官特征和游离氨基酸,脂肪酸含量。采用偏最小二乘回归分析法(PLSR)研究了感官结果和仪器测定结果的相关性。结果表明,球杆菌比例和全脂乳浓度是影响奶香味酸味、游离氨基酸量,脂肪酸量的重要因素。偏最小二乘回归分析表明酸乳气味与脂肪酸相关性较强,而风味和余味与游离氨基酸相关性强。     

风味酶和活性炭对大豆分离蛋白水解液脱苦效果比较研究

利用风味酶和活性发对大豆分离蛋白水解液进行脱苦试验,并对风味酶和活性炭脱苦的效果进行了对比.结果表明风味酶脱苦的最佳条件为:酶用量24 000 IU/100g,pH 7,反应温度50℃,反应时间7h;活性炭脱苦的最佳条件为:活性炭用量1%,pH 5,料液温度65℃,反应时间15 min.通过对脱苦后肽的损失对比,风味酶脱苦效果要优于活性炭.     

贮存过程中即食贝柱风味成分分析

采用定量描述分析法及其顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析即食贝柱贮存初期和末期的风味成分及相对含量。结果:定量描述分析法评价即食贝柱得到9种气味描述词:甜味、煮玉米味、海风味、酸味、刺鼻味、干鱼味、煮鸡蛋味、Kamaboko、即食贝柱味;从贮存初期和末期的即食贝柱中分别鉴定出44和55种主要风味成分;即食贝柱的风味成分主要为硫醚类、烷烃类、酮类、醇类、呋喃类、吡嗪类及其他类;二甲硫醚是即食贝柱的主要风味化合物;真空包装的即食贝柱在37℃±1℃贮存3个月时已经变质,Maillard反应是引起即食贝柱变质的主要原因,3-甲基-吡嗪、2,4,6-三甲基癸烷是贮存期间即食扇贝褐变后产生不良风味的主要组分。