甘薯淀粉的结构、成分及其特性研究进展

本文综述了国内外甘薯淀粉的结构、化学组成及其特性的研究进展,论述了其独特的物化和功能性质,并展望了其在食品和工业上潜在的应用领域和发展方向,以期为我国甘薯淀粉的研究及其在食品工业上的应用提供理论参考。      

不同澄清剂对紫甘薯汁色泽及抗氧化活性的影响

研究了明胶、皂土、壳聚糖等澄清剂对紫甘薯汁澄清度、色泽及抗氧化活性的影响。试验结果表明,明胶、皂土和壳聚糖在对紫甘薯汁的澄清过程中伴随着花色苷的损失,总酚含量的减少及其抗氧化活性的降低。其中,壳聚糖引起紫甘薯汁花色苷的损失最大,即对紫甘薯汁色泽的影响最为显著。皂土导致紫甘薯汁总酚含量及其抗氧化能力下降程度最大。明胶对紫甘薯汁色泽和抗氧化活性影响最少,但是其澄清效果不佳。     

高密度CO2预处理对樱桃番茄干燥的影响

将樱桃番茄经过和未经过高密度CO2(DPCD)预处理,然后进行热风干燥,以比较干燥速率和干燥后产品品质的变化,探索新型干燥工艺。结果发现,经过1、2和3MPaDPCD处理组与对照组相比,干燥速率提高,干燥时间缩短,产品收缩率降低,复水率提高,褐变度没有显著变化;但经高压处理的干燥产品VC和颜色比对照组差。综合各指标分析,除了VC和颜色,DPCD预处理后的干燥指标优于对照组。     

Purification and kinetic characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra L.)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of Barbados cherry was extracted and purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. The purification factor for PPO was 60% with 8.3% yield. The enzyme was characterized for thermal stability, pH and kinetic parameters. The molecular mass of PPO was approximately the sum of 52 and 38 kDa estimated by SDS–PAGE. The purity was checked by native PAGE, showing a single prominent band. The optimum pH was 7.2. The enzyme had a temperature optimum at 40 °C and was relatively stable at 60 °C, with 55% loss of activity. Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (SDDC), l-cysteine and ascorbate significantly inhibited PPO activity. 4-Methyl catechol and catechol were found to be efficient diphenolic substrates for cherry PPO, considering the _Vmax/_Km$V_{\text{max}}/K_{\mathrm{m}}$ ratio. The data obtained in this study may help to understand cherry fruit browning.     

超声波辅助提取甜葫芦中葫芦素E的工艺研究

对超声波辅助提取甜葫芦中葫芦素E的工艺进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化葫芦素E的提取条件。确定甜葫芦中葫芦素E超声波辅助提取的最佳工艺为：料液比为1∶10（g/mL）,甲醇体积分数为70%,提取时间为15 min,超声波功率500 W,此条件下的葫芦素E得率为0.695%。     

Altering pasting characteristics of sweet potato starches through amino acid additives

ABSTRACT:  This study assessed the effects of amino acid additives, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, and methionine, on the pasting and thermal characteristics of white- and orange-fleshed Beauregard sweet potato starches. A rapid visco analyzer 3D was used to determine pasting properties. In comparing pasting characteristics, starch from orange-fleshed sweet potato was found to be easier to cook, had a lower potential for retrogradation, and was less stable during heating than the white-fleshed sweet potato starch. The RVA analysis showed that the charged amino acids, aspartic acid and lysine, altered pasting characteristics of the 2 starches more than the neutral amino acids, leucine and methionine. Aspartic acid had similar effects on both starches, making them less stable during cooking and lowering the potential for retrogradation. Lysine, when added to the orange-fleshed sweet potato starch, decreased the breakdown, allowing for more stability during cooking. This study showed that pasting properties of sweet potato starches can be altered by the addition of amino acids.     

甜高粱茎秆汁的成分及其乙醇发酵的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法和高效液相色谱法等技术,检测了甜高粱茎杆汁的主要成分质量浓度,包括蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖、总氮量以及若干金属元素质量浓度;采取响应面法建立尿素、MgSO4、KH2PO4、CaCl2等的加入量最优组合的二次回归数学模型。结果表明,当尿素、MgSO4、KH2PO4和CaCl2的添加量分别为8.4228、1.0938、4.1702和4.0422g/L时,乙醇发酵得率达93.18%,比优化前乙醇质量浓度提高了9.56g/L。     

Stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No. 8) subjected to simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

The study was aimed to investigate the stability and antioxidant activities of anthocyanins obtained from purple sweet potato via an in vitro digestion system. Three fractions of anthocyanin-rich extracts were obtained via ODS packing column. Anthocyanins and copigment (primary phenolic acids) of fraction 2 were investigated during simulated an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Anthocyanins and copigment were recognised by UPLC-LTQ-MS/MS. Besides, anthocyanins were found effectively stable under the acidic gastric digestion conditions. However, the anthocyanins recovery was greatly decreased at around 10% after intestinal digestion. An association between the type, number of acylated group and stability to intestinal digestion was found. Di-acylated anthocyanins possessed higher stability compared with mono-acylated anthocyanins and the stability of acylated group in digestion process followed the order of p-hydroxybenzoyl > feruloyl > caffeoyl. However, there was no much difference in copigment content which was found during digestion process. Moreover, the radical scavenging ability and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition showed that the digestion products possessed good biological activities mainly due to its anthocyanin composition.     

不同熟化方式对速冻熟紫薯品质的影响

为深入研究冻前不同熟化方式对速冻熟紫薯品质的影响,本实验以‘紫罗兰’紫薯为原料,采用蒸制、微波制和烤制3种熟化方式处理速冻熟紫薯,并对挥发性成分、色泽、微观结构、花色苷含量和抗氧化活性等进行分析。结果表明,不同熟化方式能够引起速冻熟紫薯中挥发性风味物质的重新分布,提供更多的芳香气味和独特的风味。熟化处理使速冻熟紫薯内组织结构发生变化,使其更易于消化,同时不同熟化处理紫薯花色苷含量也有显著差异,其中蒸制熟紫薯达4.12 mg/g,与鲜紫薯（3.36 mg/g）相比显著提高（P<0.05）。经液相色谱串联质谱（liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS）分析鉴定出的紫薯花色苷共有六大类,主要是芍药色素和矢车菊素,蒸制熟紫薯中芍药花素占比最大,达到总量的84.12%,较好地保留了紫薯营养成分和色泽。此外,熟化处理还提高了速冻熟紫薯中花色苷在胃肠消化过程中的释放量,进而显著提高了其抗氧化活性（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率、2,2-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除率和O2-·清除率）,...