樱桃低醇酒终止发酵方法研究

以烟台大樱桃为原料酿造低醇酒,对巴氏杀菌、降温结合添加SO2、酵母分离结合添加SO2三种终止发酵方法进行了研究,探究樱桃低醇酒最适终止发酵方法。结果表明：酵母分离并添加SO2后,低温下储存终止发酵效果最好,具体方法为：4 000 r/min条件下离心10 min,添加80 mg/L SO2,4 ℃低温储存。     

不同地区甘薯的酿酒特性及其发酵酒风味物质的分析

分别以安徽、河北、河南、四川、重庆和山东地区的甘薯为原料酿造甘薯酒,并对不同地区甘薯的基本成分、酿造特性和风味物质进行比较。结果表明：不同地区甘薯的基本成分和酿造特性均具有显著性差异,且重庆地区的甘薯酒品质最优;六个地区的甘薯酒中共鉴定出风味物质69种;共有的风味物质为28种,含量较高的风味成分均为乙酸戊酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸苯乙酯、癸酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、异戊醇、2-甲基丁醇、β-苯乙醇和辛酸,但不同地区的酒中浓度差异较大;六种甘薯酒中还有一些微量的特有的风味物质,如丁酸异戊酯、α-松油烯及月桂醛等;这些共同的及独特的风味物质构成了不同地区甘薯酒相似和独特的香气与风格。     

Effects of the cultivation period of sweet potato on the sensory quality of imo‐shochu,a Japanese traditional spirit

Imo‐shochu is a Japanese traditional spirit made from sweet potatoes. Characteristic volatile compounds in imo‐shochu are mainly derived from the sweet potato and its flavour significantly depends on the quality and cultivar of sweet potato used. Thus, the effects of the cultivation period of sweet potatoes on sensory characteristics and composition of volatile compounds of imo‐shochu were investigated. Sweet potatoes (cv. Koganesengan) used in this study were harvested at 120, 150 or 180 days after planting, and each sample was used to prepare imo‐shochu. The imo‐shochu samples were evaluated by eight panellists in a blind study, who ranked them on the basis of various odour and taste attributes. Rank sums were calculated and data were analysed using the Friedman test. The compositions of the volatile compounds in the imo‐shochu samples were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Sensory evaluations showed that a longer cultivation period of the sweet potatoes enhanced the floral aroma and characteristic taste of imo‐shochu. In addition, imo‐shochu prepared with the sample cultivated for 150 days was evaluated to have a sweeter taste than that prepared with the other samples. The GC‐MS analysis showed that imo‐shochu prepared with the sample cultivated for 180 days contained a lower concentration of monoterpene alcohols, but higher concentrations of β‐damascenone, rose oxide, and fatty acid esters than the imo‐shochu prepared with the sample cultivated for 120 days. These differences in the composition of the volatile compounds affected the sensory qualities of the imo‐shochu. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

交联酯化甘薯淀粉特性研究

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(X-ray)研究了交联酯化甘薯淀粉的特性,结果表明,甘薯淀粉经过不同的交联酯化作用后,其糊化特性、颗粒形态外观特征和X-衍射图谱等发生明显的变化,并对其变化机理进行了分析。     

磷酸酯化对甘薯淀粉凝沉性质的影响

对甘薯淀粉的磷酸酯化制备条件及产物的凝沉性质进行了系统研究，结果表明，甘薯淀粉磷酸单酯的最适制备工艺为：NaH2PO4：Na2HPO4=3：l；反应温度130℃～140℃：反应时间2～3h，pH5．5～6．0，催化剂用量为淀粉千基重的4％～6％。甘薯淀粉经过磷酸酯化反应后可能在脱水葡萄糖单元上引入了磷酸基团，从而导致了淀粉凝沉性质的变化，使得淀粉糊的凝沉趋势降低，透明度增高，冻融稳定性提高。     

甘薯淀粉性质的研究

研究了甘薯淀粉的理化性质,结果表明:其颗粒粒径的平均值为5~31mm,结晶结构属C型,直链淀粉含量18.5%,糊化温度为60.8~78.5℃。甘薯淀粉的透明度为42%,凝胶强度为98g。     

短波紫外线照射和60Co-γ辐照处理对大樱桃贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同射线辐照处理对大樱桃果实保鲜效果的影响,采用不同剂量短波紫外线（short-wave ultraviolet light,UV-C）照射（1.37、2.05、2.74 kJ/m2）和60Co-γ辐照（0.75、1.5、2.25 kGy）分别处理大樱桃果实,定期检测其冷藏期间生理品质指标和果皮超微结构变化。结果表明：贮藏15 d内,1.37 kJ/m2照射和0.75 kGy辐照较对照组可显著延缓大樱桃果实好果率下降、抑制果实质量损失,较好保持果实质地特性,促进花青素合成,有效抑制过氧化物酶与超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,但对可溶性固形物含量影响不大,且会引起丙二醛含量增加。由于两种处理对好果率、硬度、质量损失率、花青素等感官品质核心指标具有良好的积极作用,因此对丙二醛的不利变化并不足以影响到果实的商品品质评价。电子显微镜结果显示,大樱桃经1.37 kJ/m2照射和0.75 kGy辐照处理后,与对照组相比,能在一定程度上减轻果皮细胞膜、线粒体、叶绿体等细胞结构的损伤程度,显著延缓果皮细胞衰老。此外,在贮藏前期与末期,1.37 kJ/m2照射和0.75 kGy辐照所发挥的作用并不相同。针对于5 d以内的短期贮藏,可采用1.37 kJ/m2 UV-C照射,而长期贮藏则以0.75 kGy 60Co-γ辐照效果更好。     

响应面法优化甜米酒酸菜发酵工艺

以青菜为原料,通过发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermenti）FY1及短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）FY2发酵甜米酒酸菜。在单因素及PB试验的基础上,利用响应面优化设计甜米酒酸菜的发酵工艺。结果表明,甜米酒酸菜制作的最佳工艺为食盐添加量4.0%,白砂糖添加量6.2%,甜米酒添加量15.6%,室温条件下发酵9 d。在此优化条件下,甜米酒酸菜感官评分92.3分,理化及卫生指标均符合国家标准。     

渝香糯1号甜酒酿发酵工艺参数的研究

对渝香糯1号甜酒酿发酵工艺参数进行了研究。结果显示,渝香糯1号甜酒酿的最佳发酵工艺参数为浸泡温度25 ℃、浸泡时间12 h、蒸煮时间70 min、发酵温度35 ℃、发酵时间50 h、接种量0.4%。在此最佳发酵条件下,甜酒酿的感官评分为95分,酸度为0.48 g/100 mL,糖度为27.75 g/100 g。