Profiling and Imaging of Phospholipids in Brains of Abcd1‐Deficient Mice

ABCD1 is a gene responsible for X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD), and is critical for the transport of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into peroxisomes and subsequent β‐oxidation. VLCFA‐containing lipids accumulate in X‐ALD patients, although the effect of ABCD1‐deficiency on each lipid species in the central nervous system has not been fully characterized. In this study, each phospholipid and lysophospholipid species in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains were profiled by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Among the phospholipid and lysophospholipid species that are significantly more enriched in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains, VLCFA were present in 75, 15, 5, 4, and 1 species of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. Most VLCFA were incorporated at the sn‐1 position of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Among the phospholipid species that are significantly less enriched in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains, odd‐numbered saturated or mono‐unsaturated fatty acyl moieties are contained in all phosphatidylcholine species. In addition, a number of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine species contained highly unsaturated fatty acyl moieties. Intriguingly, 44:1 phosphatidylcholine with VLCFA was mainly distributed in the gray matter, such as the cortex, but not in the white matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum. These results show that ABCD1‐deficiency causes metabolic alternation of long‐chain fatty acids and VLCFA. Moreover, our results imply a molecular mechanism for the incorporation of saturated or monounsaturated VLCFA into the sn‐1 position of phospholipids, and also indicate that the distribution of phospholipids with VLCFA may correlate with the development of X‐ALD.     

Lipidomic Study of Precursors of Endocannabinoids in Freshwater Bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica

Freshwater bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica was collected from a sand pit (South Bohemia). The total lipids after extraction from lyophilized bryozoans were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution negative tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. A total of 19 lipid classes were identified, including N‐acyl‐substituted phospholipids, that is, N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine and N‐acylphosphatidylserine in their plasmenyl forms. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of 3‐pyridylcarbonyl (picolinyl) esters, a very unusual fatty acid was identified, namely 24:7n‐3 (all‐cis‐3,6,9,12,15,18,21‐tetracosaheptaenoic acid). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in individual classes is very specific: arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids being predominantly bound as amides in N‐acyl phospholipids, that is, diacyl‐N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPtdEtn), plasmenyl‐N‐acylphosphatidyl ethanolamines (PlsNAPtdEtn), diacyl‐N‐acylphosphatidylserines (NAPtdSer), and plasmenyl‐N‐acylphosphatidylserines (PlsNAPtdSer). While 24:6n‐3 was identified in the sn‐2 position of several phospholipids, 24:7n‐3 was identified in only two plasmalogens, that is, PlsNAPtdEtn and PlsNAPtdSer. Thanks to the tandem mass spectrometry, we managed to identify the position of all acyl groups in both diacyl‐ and also in alkenyl‐acyl‐(plasmenyl) molecular species of N‐acylphospholipids. The identification of the molecular species of N‐acyl‐substituted phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, including their plasmalogen forms, in the freshwater bryozoan P. magnifica has enabled the identification of endogenous cannabinoid precursors.     

植物性食品中氯丹残留量快速测定方法

建立用气相色谱仪法快速测定植物性食品中氯丹残留量。试样经丙酮提取,正己烷萃取,使用HP-5色谱柱分离,ECD测定。结果表明,顺式氯丹、反式氯丹与氧氯丹能够很好分离,在0．2-100pg,L线性关系良好（r≥O．999）。在2．0-10．0．g／kg的添加水平范围内的平均回收率为82．8％-94．6％,相对标准偏差为2．0％-6．5％。顺式氯丹、反式氯丹与氧氯丹该方法检出限均为0．5gg／kg。     

Lower Temperature Cultures Enlarge the Effects of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin Expression on Recombinant Pichia pastoris

An heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) for improving cell growth and recombinant protein production has been successfully demonstrated in various hosts, including Pichia pastoris. Lower temperature cultures can enhance target protein production in some studies of P. pastoris. In this study, the strategy of combining heterologous VHb expression and lower temperature cultures in P. pastoris showed that final cell density and viability of VHb⁺ strain at 23 °C were higher than that at 30 °C. In addition, the effects of VHb expression on recombinant β-galactosidase production and oxygen uptake rate were also higher at 23 °C than at 30 °C. Consequently, lower temperature cultures can enlarge VHb effectiveness on cell performance of P. pastoris. This is because VHb activity obtained at 23 °C cultures was twofold higher than that at 30 °C cultures, due to a different heme production. This strategy makes P. pastoris an excellent expression host particularly suitable for increasing the yields of the low-stability and aggregation-prone recombinant proteins.     

新型共流转子与啮合转子构型对混炼胶料性能的影响

本文串联式密炼机中下游转子分别采用自行研发的新型共流转子和啮合型转子,对比两种不同转子构型的混炼机理以及混炼过程,利用传统全钢子午胎胎面胶配方,设计正交试验得到不同的工艺参数进行实验研究。通过对胶料性能测试实验数据的对比分析,探究新型共流转子相对于啮合转子在串联式混炼恒温反应式下混炼对胶料性能的影响。     

高纯硅微粉中多个杂质元素的质谱分析

建立电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)法在多元素分析中的应用.高纯硅微粉经氢氟酸+硝酸微波消解后直接采用ICP-MS/MS测定其中8个常见杂质元素(Na、Mg、Al、K、Ti、Fe、Cu、Zn).在MS/MS模式下,通过向碰撞反应池(CRC)中通入NH3/He,利用目标离子与NH3/He发生反应消除多原子离子质谱干扰,其中Na、Mg、Al、K、Zn采用NH3/He原位质量测定,Ti、Fe、Cu采用NH3/He质量转移测定,考察了NH3/He反应气流速待测元素分析结果的影响,优化并获得了最佳NH3/He反应气流速.选择Sc为内标元素校正样品传输、雾化效率以及信号强度变化时所产生的误差.8个待测元素的检出限为0.001~0.76μg/L,采用所建立的方法分析国家标准物质石英岩(GBW07835),测定结果与标准物质所提供的验证值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5.5%,表明方法具有准确性好和精密度高的特点,可用于高纯硅微粉中多个杂质元素的准确分析.     

CO气相偶联合成草酸二甲酯催化剂的研制

考察助剂、制备方法和还原介质对CO气相偶联合成草酸二甲酯催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,以贵金属Pd为活性组分,非贵金属C为助剂,以α-Al_2O_3为载体,采用分步等体积浸渍法制备的催化剂,在水合肼还原后,具有良好的反应活性和稳定性。在反应温度130℃,空速3 000 h^(-1)时,产物中草酸二甲酯含量90%以上,时空收率平均可达813 g·(L·h)^(-1)。催化剂PC-3反应500 h后,物理性能和反应活性变化不大。     

SrO助催化剂对Fe1-xO基熔铁氨合成催化剂性能的影响

采用高温熔融法制备了不同SrO含量的Fe_{1- x} O基氨合成催化剂。在类似工业条件下（15MPa、30000h^-1）使用固定床反应器对催化剂进行了氨合成（氮的催化加氢）活性评价,并采用X射线能谱仪（EDS）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、N₂程序升温脱附（N₂-TPD）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）对样品进行表征。结果表明,随着SrO含量的增加,催化剂的活性先增加后降低,呈现出火山型活性变化趋势。当SrO质量分数为0.4%时,催化剂活性最高。SrO存在表面偏析现象,且SrO的添加并没有促进或明显抑制催化剂的还原。少量SrO的添加降低了N₂的解离活化能或降低了NH _x 物种的稳定性,提高了催化剂的活性;SrO含量进一步增加,覆盖了表面部分活性位,消耗了体相的重要结构助催化剂Al,降低了催化剂的活性和耐热性能。     

冷连轧机末机架AGC控制方式分析

介绍了冷连轧机末机架AGC控制3种方式的特点和适用范围，得出控制方式的选取须同时考虑轧制产品、轧机能力的发挥、板形、轧辊和后道工序的要求等多方面因素。     

无缝钢管生产的新工艺——金属斜连轧

金属斜连轧工艺是一种新型的无缝钢管生产工艺,能够在1台设备上实现穿孔—轧管工艺。介绍了斜连轧设备的结构,斜连轧工艺的特征、流程以及与传统轧管工艺的区别,同时介绍了利用斜连轧试验机组展开试验研究的情况。该工艺的优势在于:只需1台设备就可完成无缝钢管的穿孔和轧管,工艺流程短,生产效率高,节能环保,投资少,成本低。经试验证明:该工艺切实可行,在生产难变形金属时具有一定的竞争优势。