Advanced Characterization and Optimization of NiOx:Cu-SAM Hole-Transporting Bi-Layer for 23.4% Efficient Monolithic Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

The performance of five hole-transporting layers (HTLs) is investigated in both single-junction perovskite and Cu(In, Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe)-perovskite tandem solar cells: nickel oxide (NiO_x,), copper-doped nickel oxide (NiO_x:Cu), NiO_x+SAM, NiO_x:Cu+SAM, and SAM, where SAM is the [2-(3,-6Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) self-assembled monolayer. The performance of the devices is correlated to the charge-carrier dynamics at the HTL/perovskite interface and the limiting factors of these HTLs are analyzed by performing time-resolved and absolute photoluminescence ((Tr)PL), transient surface photovoltage (tr-SPV), and X-ray/UV photoemission spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) measurements on indium tin oxide (ITO)/HTL/perovskite and CIGSe/HTL/perovskite stacks. A high quasi-Fermi level splitting to open-circuit (QFLS-V_oc) deficit is detected for the NiO_x-based devices, attributed to electron trapping and poor hole extraction at the NiO_x-perovskite interface and a low carrier effective lifetime in the bulk of the perovskite. Simultaneously, doping the NiO_x with 2% Cu and passivating its surface with MeO-2PACz suppresses the electron trapping, enhances the holes extraction, reduces the non-radiative interfacial recombination, and improves the band alignment. Due to this superior interfacial charge-carrier dynamics, NiO_x:Cu+SAM is found to be the most suitable HTL for the monolithic CIGSe-perovskite tandem devices, enabling a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, V_oc of 1.72V, and a fill factor (FF) of 71%, while the remaining four HTLs suffer from prominent V_oc and FF losses.     

Zr助剂对富氧条件下Ag/Al2O3选择性催化C3H6还原NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同Zr助剂改性的Ag/Al_2O_3的Ag-Zr系列催化剂,在富氧条件下对比其对选择性催化还原NO的影响。采用XRD、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD和O_2-TPD技术对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明,以硝酸锆为Zr源的先浸渍Zr后浸渍Ag的1.5%Ag/1%Zr/Al_2O_3催化剂具有最好的催化活性,与Ag/Al_2_3催化剂相比,400℃和450℃的NO转化率分别提高了10%和8%。XRD表征表明少量Zr的添加增强了催化剂的体相储氧能力。H_2-TPR表征表明Zr助剂的添加提高了催化剂的低温活性。NH_3-TPD表明Zr助剂的添加可以增加催化剂的弱酸和中等强度酸中心。O_2-TPD表明Zr的添加显著增强了催化剂储氧能力,从而提高其对NO的催化还原性能。     

权重自适应clonal选择算法及其应用研究

在求解两个目标以上的多目标优化问题时,基于Pareto支配的多目标进化算法多数需要较长的求解时间.基于固定权重的聚合函数方法求解速度快,但要确定一个适合待求解问题的合理权重是十分困难的,为了解决这一问题,将clonal选择算法与权重自适应方法相结合,提出了一种适用于多目标优化问题的权重自适应clonal选择算法.并将权...     

Enhanced charge generation in doped organic/organic p–n heterojunction for improving the performance of tandem organic light emitting diode

The doped organic/organic p–n heterojunctions have been applied as charge generation structure (CGS) in tandem organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs). It is found that the field‐induced charge generation takes place more efficiently at the interface between Li₂CO₃ n‐doped bathocuproine (BCP:Li₂CO₃) and MoO₃ p‐doped 4,4′‐N ,N′‐dicarbazole‐biphenyl (CBP:MoO₃) than at the interface between BCP:Li₂CO₃ and MoO₃ p‐doped 4,4‐bis[N‐1‐naphthyl‐N‐phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB:MoO₃). It is because the process of electrons tunneling through the depletion zone from the highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) of CBP:MoO₃ to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) of BCP:Li₂CO₃ is more efficient than that from the HOMO of NPB:MoO₃ to the LUMO of BCP:Li₂CO₃. Compared to the TOLED using the conventional CGS of 10‐nm BCP:Li₂CO₃/20‐nm NPB:MoO₃, the one using the CGS of 10‐nm BCP:Li₂CO₃/10‐nm CBP:MoO₃/10‐nm NPB:MoO₃ shows increased device performance. In addition, the interconnecting property of CGS of 10‐nm BCP:Li₂CO₃/x nm CBP:MoO₃/20 ? x nm NPB:MoO₃ shows a strong dependence on the thickness of CBP:MoO₃. We provide a new insight on optimizing Ohmic loss in the CGSs, useful for improving the performance of TOLEDs.     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

串联质谱谱库搜索鉴定技术综述

介绍蛋白质质谱鉴定领域的串联质谱谱库搜索技术,分析谱库搜索技术的基本原理,从多个角度阐述当前主流的谱库搜索方法,并对其优缺点进行比较,针对目前蛋白质质谱鉴定技术所存在的优缺点,设计其改进思路,论述目前谱库搜索技术所面临的问题以及未来的研究趋势。