Mucoadhesive Phenolic Pectin Hydrogels for Saliva Substitute and Oral Patch

Oral disease is one of the most common conditions worldwide, negatively affecting general health, reducing the quality of life, and often developing into systemic illness. However, the design of therapeutic agents for oral diseases is challenging due to various unique features of the oral cavity, including its wet and dynamic environment and curved shape. Herein, the development of highly biocompatible mucoadhesive functional hydrogels for oral applications is reported, generated by introducing bio-inspired phenolic moieties into a pectin polymer. Pyrogallol-functionalized pectin (Pec-PG) can be crosslinked in situ via autoxidation without chemical agents and readily fabricated as various formulations. Sprayable Pec-PG hydrogel exhibits strong mucoadhesion and outstanding hydration ability ex vivo and in vivo, thus displaying significant potential as a novel saliva substitute for dry mouth. The authors further show that topical application of mucoadhesive Pec-PG patches pre-loaded with corticosteroid significantly promotes the repair of diabetic oral ulcer tissue via prolonged drug release, free radical scavenging, and physical barrier effects. Moreover, similar applications for oral ulcer treatment using a pectin hydrogel modified with catechol (Pec-CA), another phenolic moiety are demonstrated. Together, these findings suggest that mucoadhesive phenolic pectin derivatives can provide highly biocompatible, convenient, and effective hydrogel platforms for treating oral diseases.     

Development,optimization, and characterization of a novel tea tree oil nanogel using response surface methodology

Purpose: To develop and optimize nanoemulsion (NE)-based emulgel (EG) formulation as a potential vehicle for topical delivery of tea tree oil (TTO).

Methodology: Central composite design was adopted for optimizing the processing conditions for NE preparation by high energy emulsification method viz. surfactant concentration, co-surfactant concentration, and stirring speed. The optimized NE was developed into emulgel (EG) using pH sensitive polymer Carbopol 940 and triethanolamine as alkalizer. The prepared EG was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, and texture parameters, ex vivo permeation at 37?°C and stability. Antimicrobial evaluation of EG in comparison to conventional gel and pure TTO was also carried out against selected microbial strains.

Results and discussion: Optimized NE had particle size and zeta potential of 16.23?±?0.411?nm and 36.11?±?1.234?mV, respectively. TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of droplets. The pH of EG (5.57?±?0.05?) was found to be in accordance with the range of human skin pH. EG also illustrated efficient permeation (79.58?μL/cm²) and flux value (J_SS) of 7.96?μL cm²/h through skin in 10?h. Viscosity and texture parameters, firmness (9.3?±?0.08?g), spreadability (2.26?±?0.06?mJ), extrudability (61.6?±?0.05?mJ), and adhesiveness (8.66?±?0.08?g) depict its suitability for topical application. Antimicrobial evaluation of EG with same amount of TTO as conventional gel revealed broader zones of growth inhibitions against all the selected microbial strains. Moreover, EG was also found to be nonirritant (PII 0.0833). These parameters were consistent over 90 d.

Conclusion: TTO EG turned out to be a promising vehicle for the topical delivery of TTO with enhanced therapeutic efficacy.     

茶生物质/聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

为高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以废弃茶生物质(Tea biomass,TB)为填料,聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)为基体,采用密炼-注塑工艺制备了TB/PP复合材料,考察了茶生物质填料种类、处理方式及其添加量对复合材料结构、形态及性能的影响。实验结果显示,以茶树枝为生物质填料制备的复合材料力学性能最佳,茶梗次之,茶叶最差;茶梗填料经水煮和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯增容处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸模量及弯曲模量分别提高了23.4%、9.0%、16.9%和13.9%。SEM图片显示茶梗填料与基体界面相容性提高。随茶梗填料用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量逐渐增大,而拉伸强度及断裂伸长率缓慢下降,吸水率增加,热性能得到改善。当TS添加量为30%(质量分数)时,复合材料的拉伸强度比PP减小7.3%,但弯曲强度、弯曲模量及拉伸模量则分别提高11%、86.1%和54.7%。浸水80h后吸水率为0.89%。     

茶末/CMC-Na/AL-Na复合膜制备及性能测定

目的 为改善传统保鲜膜带来的环境污染问题,开发出具有较好力学性能和抗菌性的食品包装材料提供理论依据。方法 采用海藻酸钠(AL-Na)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为主要成膜材料,辅助添加茶末通过流延成膜法制备复合膜,以拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等为依据,通过单因素和响应面试验确定茶末/CMC-Na/AL-Na复合膜的最佳工艺。结果 当CMC-Na与AL-Na的体积比为84∶16、茶末添加量为1.43%、干燥温度为50 ℃、干燥时间为7 h时,复合膜综合性能最优,拉伸强度为16.60 N/mm²,断裂伸长率为19.11%,具有较好的力学性能、耐水性、抗氧化性和抑菌性。结论 制备的茶末/ CMC-Na/AL-Na复合膜具有较好的力学性能和抗氧抑菌性能。     

几何形态在现代家具设计中的应用

几何形态家具是现代居室的一部分,它是无风格的,因为它除了用途和必要的结构外,并不期望表达任何特定的风格,所有的组成部分都是用同样的标准化的基本部分构成,这些部分随时都可以分开或转换。正是这种特性使几何化的造型设计手法应用水到渠成,以几何形为基本单位,通过加、减、换、改等设计方法,创造出多种的造型,并成就着若干的设计可能性。     

Discrimination of green tea quality using the electronic nose technique and the human panel test, comparison of linear and nonlinear classification tools

Electronic nose (E-nose) technique was attempted to discriminate green tea quality instead of human panel test in this work. Four grades of green tea, which were classified by the human panel test, were attempted in the experiment. First, the E-nose system with eight metal oxide semiconductors gas sensors array was developed for data acquisition; then, the characteristic variables were extracted from the responses of the sensors; next, the principal components (PCs), as the input of the discrimination model, were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA); finally, three different linear or nonlinear classification tools, which were K-nearest neighbors (KNN), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM), were compared in developing the discrimination model. The number of PCs and other model parameters were optimized by cross-validation. Experimental results showed that the performance of SVM model was superior to other models. The optimum SVM model was achieved when 4 PCs were included. The back discrimination rate was equal to 100% in the training set, and predictive discrimination rate was equal to 95% in the prediction set, respectively. The overall results demonstrated that E-nose technique with SVM classification tool could be successfully used in discrimination of green tea's quality, and SVM algorithm shows its superiority in solution to classification of green tea's quality using E-nose data.     

几种抑菌材料对化妆品中腐败菌的抑制作用比较

用固体培养基体外抑菌法，研究了不同浓度壳聚糖、壳寡糖、Germallplus、茶树油等对化妆品检验中常采用的指示菌的抑制效果及其最低杀菌浓度，并以对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为比较，考察了它们的抑菌动力学曲线。结果表明：壳聚糖、壳寡糖、Cermallplus和茶树油等对各种菌都有一定程度的抑制作用。     

薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定银杏茶中银杏酸含量

采用薄层层析一紫外分光光度法建立了一种银杏茶中银杏酸快速检测的方法．采用正己烷索氏提取银杏茶中的银杏酸;以硅胶G为固定相,石油醚;乙酸乙酯：冰醋酸（18：1：1）为展开剂对银杏酸进行分离纯化;紫外分光光度法测定,波长为307nm．结果表明：该方法测定银杏酸含量的线性关系良好,线性范围为0．009-0．093mg／mL（R^2=0．9997）,精密度RSD为2．15％,平均回收率为100．90％,测定结果同HPLC法结果对照无明显差异,适用于银杏茶中银杏酸含量的测定．     

茶渣中粗茶皂素的纯化及其抗氧化和抑菌活性

采用AB-8大孔树脂对超声波辅助醇提的粗茶皂素进行纯化,静态吸附实验表明：AB-8大孔树脂对茶皂素具有良好的吸附和解吸性能,静态吸附率和解吸率分别达到99.59%和94.15%。通过单因素实验确定最佳动态吸附参数,在此条件下纯化后,茶皂素的纯度可达85.56%。体外抗氧化活性实验表明：茶皂素的还原能力强于Vc,对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基有明显的清除作用;抑菌实验显示茶皂素对大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,而对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌仅在较高浓度有抑制作用。     

响应面法优化油茶粕中茶皂素提取工艺

采用单因素实验结合响应面法,优化了从油茶粕中提取茶皂素的工艺参数。单因素实验最佳条件：乙醇体积分数为70%、提取时间为3 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4。在单因素的基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比为影响因子,以茶皂素提取得率作为响应值,进行3因素3水平响应面分析。结果表明：茶皂素最佳提取条件是乙醇体积分数为72%、提取时间为3.8 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4.5,提取得率预测值为14.54%,验证实测值为14.22%,与预测值相对误差为2.20%。