Recent development and applications of an optical method for measurements of thermophysical properties

The experimental determination of thermophysical properties has been greatly improved by the introduction of laser technology. The laser beam is used for sensing and also for heating (or exciting) the specimen. The advantage of using a laser beam is most strongly felt in the measurement of the thermal conductivity or the thermal diffusivity, which are some of the most difficult properties to measure. Interesting features of new techniques for investigating various aspects of thermal conductivity in fluids and solids are reviewed. An optical method, the so-called forced Rayleigh scattering method, or the laser-induced optical-grating method, has been developed and used extensively by the present author's group. The method is a high-speed remote-sensing method which can also quantitatively detect anisotropy, namely, direction dependence of heat conduction in the material. It was used for determination of the thermal diffusivity and its anisotropic behavior for high-temperature materials such as molten salts, liquid crystals, extended polymer samples, and flowing polymer melts under shear. Interesting applications of the method were demonstrated also for thermal diffusivity mapping and microscale measurement.Invited paper presented at the Twelfth symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Thermally Responsive Fibers for Versatile Thermoactivated Protective Fabrics

Smart textiles with good mechanical adaptability play an important role in personal protection, health monitoring, and aerospace applications. However, most of the reported thermally responsive polymers has long response time and poor processability, comfort, and wearability. Skin-core structures of thermally responsive fibers with multiple commercial fiber cores and temperature-responsive hydrogel skins are designed and fabricated, which exhibit rapid mechanical adaptability, good thermohardening, and thermal insulation. This universal method enables tight bonding between various commercial fiber cores and hydrogel skins via specific covalently anchored networks. At room temperature, prepared fibers show softness, flexibility, and skin compatibility similar to those of ordinary fibers. As temperature rises, smart fibers become hard, rigid, and self-supporting. The modulus of hydrogel skin increases from 304% to 30883%, showing good mechanoadaptability and impact resistance owing to the synergy between hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonding. Moreover, this synergistic effect leads to an increase in heat absorption, and fibers exhibit good thermal insulation, which reduces the contact temperature of the body surface by ≈25 °C under the external temperature of 95 °C, effectively preventing thermal burns. Notably, the active mechanoadaptability of these smart fibers using conductive fibers as cores is demonstrated. This study provides feasibility for fabricating environmentally adaptive intelligent textiles.     

Epitaxial growth and thermal-conductivity limit of single-crystalline Bi2Se3/In2Se3 superlattices on mica

Nano Research - Thermal transport in superlattices is governed by various phonon-scattering processes. For extracting the phonon-scattering contribution of hetero-interfaces in chalcogenide...     

一种新型的加固计算机箱设计

介绍了一种新型加固计算机机箱,其独特的双层箱体结构,使它适合在各种复杂恶劣的环境条件下使用。通过设计实践,阐述了该箱体的结构特点和密封、隔振缓冲、电磁兼容等方面的具体解决方法,特别是箱体成型和综合热设计等关键技术。经环境试验和工程实际应用的检验,证明其具有较好的综合防护性能。     

基于抗恶劣环境计算机的电磁兼容与热设计

为了解决抗恶劣环境计算机的电磁兼容与散热问题,通过对基于抗恶劣环境计算机电磁兼容与热设计的研究,提出了基于抗恶劣环境计算机电磁兼容与热设计方法。该方法中包括基于抗恶劣环境计算机电磁兼容与热设计的思路和实现过程。在该方法采用了仿真与测试的手段保证了设计的正确性。该方法已经投入应用,在应用过程中取得了良好的效果。     

An improved correlation for the calculation of liquid thermal conductivity

Eighteen correlations appearing in the literature for the prediction of thermal conductivity, , of liquids are critically analyzed, and their reliability is checked using coherent input data and selected experimental values. The best results are obtained using the Reid, Sherwood, and Prausnitz correlation with a mean deviation of about 8% between predicted and experimental values. An improved correlation is proposed starting from the Viswanath equation, chosen because of its simplicity and convenience. The values of thermal conductivity obtained by this new correlation agree with the experimental values within 1%.     

深埋型无水芒硝矿床溶采工艺研究

采用本研究成果──钻井两管油垫注热水工艺，能够成功地开采出理深达2200m的无水芒硝矿，较好地解决芒硝卤水采运过程中的结晶堵管及顶板垮塌等技术难题，充分有效地开采地下芒硝资源，并取得较好的经济效益。     

金属化合物在分子筛上自发分散的研究进展

金属盐和氧化物在分子筛孔穴中及内外表面自发形成原子水平的分散,这种自发分散现象已被多种现代仪器分析所证实，并在国内外得到广泛认同。总结相关文献，结合部分研究工作，对金属化合物在分子筛上自发分散的研究作了综述。