壳聚糖—戊二醛固定化木聚糖酶的技术研究

采用壳聚糖微球一戊二醛交联的方法固定木聚糖酶,探讨壳聚糖浓度、戊二醛体积分数和交联时间对固定化酶相对酶活力的影响.以正交试验确定木聚糖酶的最佳固定化条件,比较固定化酶与其游离酶的最适反应pH值、pH值稳定性、最适反应温度及热稳定性.结果表明,在壳聚糖质量浓度0.1g/mL、戊二醛添加量3％、给酶量2000U/g载体、交联时间2.5h时,固定化酶的回收率较高,可达到65.38％,同时固定化和游离酶的最适温度分别为60℃、55℃,最适pH值分别为4.5、5.0,热稳定性有不同程度的提高,pH稳定性两者变化不大.木聚糖酶的固定化能有效地提高其作用性能,从而为木聚糖酶的工业化应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

常压室温等离子体诱变选育木聚糖酶高产菌及其酶学性质研究

利用常压室温等离子体（ARTP）技术对黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）FXY进行诱变处理,并对菌株的遗传稳定性及所产木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明,筛得一株高产木聚糖酶且能稳定遗传的菌株ARTP-82,其所产木聚糖酶酶活为175.33 U/mL,较出发菌株提高了120.8%。酶活的提高与酶比活力增加有关、与菌株生物量增加无关;该木聚糖酶的最适温度为45.0 ℃、最适pH值为7.0,在该温度和pH值条件下酶的稳定性良好。     

聚木糖酶处理桉木预水解液制备低聚木糖的研究

以桉木预水解液为原料,首先采用Ca(OH)_2和活性炭处理制备二级处理预水解液,然后采用聚木糖酶酶解制备低聚木糖。探讨了处理过程中聚木糖酶用量、处理时间、处理温度和pH值对二级处理预水解液中聚合度为2～4的低聚木糖(低聚木糖_(DP2～4))含量的影响,并对所制备的低聚木糖产品进行分析与表征。结果表明,聚木糖酶处理桉木预水解液制备低聚木糖的较优工艺条件为:聚木糖酶用量2 U/g、处理时间3 h、处理温度55℃和处理液pH值5.5,在此条件下,经酶处理后所得三级处理预水解液中低聚木糖_(DP2～4)含量为12.22 g/L,与未经过酶处理的二级处理预水解液相比,低聚木糖_(DP2～4)含量提高了67.2%;经过酶处理后三级处理预水解液中低聚木糖_(DP2～4)含量占桉木预水解液中总木糖含量的56.1%。红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)表明,经过聚木糖酶处理预水解液所制备的低聚木糖中含有部分糖醛酸侧链,且具有较高的热稳定性。     

碱抽提强化木聚糖酶处理对麦草浆二氧化氯漂白的助漂作用

研究了碱抽提强化的木聚糖酶处理对麦草浆二氧化氯漂白的助漂作用。结果显示：木聚糖酶预处理对ClO2脱木素的改善效果不明显,无论是脱木素前预处理（XD）还是脱木素后处理（DX）,ClO2脱木素效率提高不大;采用XDP和DXP漂序,木聚糖酶对麦草浆ClO2漂白的助漂效果不明显,白度提高仅1.5个百分点左右,但可以节省H2O2用量25%～33.3%;采用XDEpP和DXEpP漂序,经H2O2强化的碱抽提Ep后,木聚糖酶对麦草浆ClO2漂白的助漂效果显著增强,与对照样相比,可以提高白度4.5个百分点,同样漂序采用木聚糖酶处理可节省ClO2用量17%～20%。纸浆滤液的紫外-可见吸收光谱分析表明,酶处理后所释放出的发色物质中含有木素或木素衍生物。     

酶解花生壳制备低聚木糖的研究

以花生壳为原料,在固液比1∶20,H_2SO_4浓度为1.0%,120℃条件下处理30min,木聚糖提取率为40.1%。利用木聚糖酶降解木聚糖制备低聚木糖,确立了酶解工艺条件:50℃,pH4.8,加酶量2%(相对固体花生壳原料).搅拌速度80r/min,反应时间24h。在上述反应条件下,低聚木糖得率为81.2%。     

木聚糖酶处理对麦草浆纤维长度和粗度的影响

用纤维测定仪测定了木聚糖酶处理前后麦草浆的纤维长度和粗度，发现木聚糖酶处理使麦草浆纤维的长度和粗度发生了变化。结果表明：木聚糖酶处理后纤维的长度有所下降。木聚糖酶处理后麦草浆中长纤维的分布频率降低，细小纤维长度分布频率增加。同时发现麦草浆经木聚糖酶处理后纤维粗度变小，细小组分含量增多。麦草浆经木聚糖酶处理后纤维粗度减小了2．4mg／100m，细小纤维含量增加了6．52％．     

耐酸性木聚糖酶在清酒酿造中的作用

从华根霉 (RhizopuschinensisY92 )发酵液中通过离子交换色谱和凝胶过滤色谱分离纯化获得一种耐酸性木聚糖酶R ,将它和另外 2种耐酸性木聚糖酶 :米曲霉 (AspergillusoryzaeRIB12 8)木聚糖酶B和白曲菌 (AspergilluskawachiiIFO43 0 8)木聚糖酶C分别应用于清酒酿造中 ,结果表明 ,木聚糖酶B可以促进米细胞的溶解 ,对于原料米的利用率有明显的提高 ,而木聚糖酶C和木聚糖酶R的作用则不太明显     

Bioactive xylo-oligosaccharides from wheat bran soluble polysaccharides

Soluble polysaccharides (SP, 35 g) isolated from wheat bran (100 g) consisted mainly of arabinose and xylose with minor quantities of rhamnose, mannose, galactose and glucose. Wheat bran SP was subjected to purified endoxylanase (from 96 h ragi malt) treatment to obtain xylo-oligosaccharides (0.3 g/1 g wheat bran). The oligosaccharide mixture was purified on Biogel P-2 column into four major peaks designated as WO-1, WO-2, WO-3 and WO-4. Individual oligosaccharide purity was ascertained by HPLC and their composition was determined by GLC. The purified oligosaccharides were characterized by ESI-MS and ¹H NMR analysis. WO-1 and WO-2 were identified as arabinose containing xylotetraose and xylotriose, respectively, whereas WO-3 and WO-4 were identified as unsubstituted xylotriose and xylobiose, respectively. In vitro studies carried out using Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus spp suggested the prebiotic nature of the crude as well as purified xylo-oligosaccharides as revealed by growth characteristics such as high O.D. of the culture broth, decrease in its pH, increase in cell mass and the resultant fermentation products. β-xylanase, β-xylosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, α/β-galactosidases and acetyl esterase activities were determined in 24 h old culture broth and xylanase activity (440-830 μU/ml) was found to be the most preponderant among all of them.     

木聚糖酶改性玉米麸皮膳食纤维粉工艺研究

以玉米麸皮为原料制备膳食纤维粉,采用木聚糖酶对其进行改性,以提高膳食纤维品质。通过木聚糖酶法,可溶性膳食纤维得率为27.49%;其最适反应条件为:木聚糖酶添加量25.7 U/g、酶解时间1.96 h、酶解温度56.09℃、酶解pH 4.68。     

酶水解爆破秸秆制备低聚木糖

研究了木聚糖酶水解爆破秸秆制备低聚木糖的工艺,得到如下结论:当爆破秸秆与水质量比为1∶7.5、pH6.0、黑曲霉木聚糖酶添加量为198U/g(干基)、53℃、酶解12h时,可获得较好的酶解效果,酶解液总糖含量达到49.80mg/mL,还原糖含量达到17.03mg/mL、木聚糖水解率达到63.77%(对原料木聚糖)、木聚糖平均聚合度降至3.10;酶解产物中低聚糖主要为木二糖和木三糖,低聚木糖含量达到50.80%(对固形物)。