细菌诱导矿化保护历史建筑遗产的机理及效果

为了研究细菌诱导碳酸钙在大理石、混凝土基材表层矿化沉积形成的人工层对基材加固保护的机理及性能,用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、压汞仪及超声波研究分析了矿化晶体物相,矿化层生长,沉积晶体对基材孔隙的影响以及矿化层黏结与保护效果.结果表明:矿化晶体为方解石和球文石;Ca2+源影响碳酸钙矿化沉积晶相,细菌在晶体矿化沉积过程中充当成核位点,且晶体均匀生长在基材表面;沉积致使试样孔隙率减少,但对孔隙分布无显著影响;矿化层与基材可以形成有效黏结.     

高效菌种的厌氧-缺氧-膜生物反应器处理焦化废水

采用厌氧-缺氧-膜生物反应器(A~2O-MBR)工艺处理焦化废水,并投入经固定化的高效菌种.采用MBR使污泥含量大为提高,污泥沉降比增大,故采用泥水回流,使MBR的泥水回到缺氧池.厌氧池采用具有蜂窝胞壁结构的纤维滤料.经过3个多月的试验表明,该工艺运行稳定,具有较好的适应能力和抗冲击能力.当进水COD和氨氮质量浓度分别为2 000 mg·L~(-1)和150 mg·L~(-1)左右时,出水分别在120 mg·L~(-1)和9 mg·L~(-1)左右,去除率分别约为94%和93%,均达到GB 8978-1996的一级标准要求.     

乳酸芽孢杆菌制剂对齐卡肉兔的促生长作用研究

选择30日龄健康齐卡兔72只,分别饲喂添加乳酸芽孢杆菌制剂为0%、0.02%及0.05%的日粮,研究其对肉兔生长性能的影响.结果表明:在37～90日龄,B、C组的平均日增重与A组相比分别提高7.98%和15.16%,差异均显著(P＜0.05);C组比B组平均日增重提高6.64%,差异显著(P＜0.05),B、C组的料重比与A组相比分别降低2.83%和3.40%,差异均显著(P＜0.05);C组比B组的料重比降低0.58%,差异不显著(P＞0.05).B、C组的成活率一致,比A组提高4.54%,差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

一株从腐烂蓝藻中分离的细菌的鉴定及其发酵产蛋白酶研究

应用形态学、生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列分析方法,鉴定了从腐烂蓝藻中分离得到的一株细菌,利用液态发酵法探讨了碳、氮源等对其发酵产蛋白酶的影响并研究了其部分酶学性质.结果表明,该菌可归入沙雷氏菌属,定名为Serratia marcescens SYBC YH,其最适碳源为果糖、葡萄糖、羽毛粉或玉米粉,最适氮源为玉米浆粉、酵母膏和牛肉膏;该菌还可以蓝藻为唯一氮源发酵产耐有机溶剂蛋白酶.该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH为7.0.     

秸秆纤维素降解菌的分离筛选、复合菌系构建及产酶条件优化

该研究采用刚果红染色法和滤纸条崩解法从山西老陈醋源中分离筛选纤维素降解菌,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定。以滤纸酶活性为筛选指标构建复合菌系,采用单因素试验及响应面试验对其产酶发酵条件进行优化,并评价其对不同秸秆的降解效果。结果表明,筛选出3株纤维素降解菌,编号为J1、J2和J3,分别被鉴定为灿烂类芽胞杆菌（Paenibacillus lautus）、千叶类芽胞杆菌（Paenibacillus chibensis）和窖泥类芽胞杆菌（Paenibacillus vini）。3株菌等比例复配得到最佳复合菌系D,其最优产酶发酵条件为初始pH 7.4,接种量9%,发酵温度40℃。在此优化条件下,滤纸酶活性达到35.10 U/m L,是优化前的1.6倍。复合菌系D对不同秸秆均具有较好的降解效果,且对小麦秸秆的降解率最高,达27.63%。     

Hydrogen Production by the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana

As the only fuel that is not chemically bound to carbon, hydrogen has gained interest as an energy carrier to face the current environmental issues of greenhouse gas emissions and to substitute the depleting non-renewable reserves. In the last years, there has been a significant increase in the number of publications about the bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana that is responsible for production yields of H₂ that are among the highest achievements reported in the literature. Here we present an extensive overview of the most recent studies on this hyperthermophilic bacterium together with a critical discussion of the potential of fermentative production by this bacterium. The review article is organized into sections focused on biochemical, microbiological and technical issues, including the effect of substrate, reactor type, gas sparging, temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time and organic loading parameters on rate and yield of gas production.     

Bacterium‐Templated Polymer for Self‐Selective Ablation of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

The recognition and inactivation of specific pathogenic bacteria remain an enormous scientific challenge and an important therapeutic goal. Therefore, materials that can selectively target and kill specific pathogenic bacteria, without harming beneficial strains are highly desirable. Here, a material platform is reported that exploits bacteria as a template to synthesize polymers with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic by copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization for self‐selective killing of the bacteria that templates them with no antimicrobial resistance. The bacteria‐templated polymers show very weak fluorescence in aqueous media, however, the fluorescence is turned on upon recognition of the bacteria used as the template to synthesize the polymer even at a low concentration of 600 ng mL^?1. Moreover, the incorporated AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) can act as an efficient photosensitizer for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after bacteria surface binding, which endows the templated polymers with the capability for selective bacterial killing. The bacterium‐templated synthesis is generally applicable to a wide range of bacteria, including clinically isolated multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains. It is envisioned that the bacterium‐templated method provides a new strategy for bacteria‐specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications.     

Production of eicosapentaenoic acid by a bacterium isolated from mackerel intestines

Optimization of culture conditions for the growth rate, 5,8,11,14,17-cis-Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content and EPA productivity of a bacterium isolated from Pacific mackerel intestines was investigated by use of a culture medium containing 1.00 wt% peptone and 0.50 wt% yeast extract in an artificial sea water (ASW). Cultivation temperature affected the growth rate and cellular EPA content of the bacterium. The cellular EPA content at 8°C was as great as 16.8 mg/g of dry cells, which was more than two times greater than that at 25°C (7.3 mg/g of dry cells), although the growth rate showed a maximum at 25°C. Both the yield of bacterial cells and the cellular EPA content at 25°C reached maximum values when the pH of the culture medium was nearly 7.0 and when the concentration of ASW was 100% (v/v). Under optimum culture conditions [25°C pH 7.0 and 100% (v/v) ASW], the amount of EPA accumulated in the cellular lipids reached 45.6 mg/L of culture broth after 8 hr.     

污泥热消化工艺的特征及应用

介绍了污泥热消化技术的特点及其工艺类型。与传统消化技术相比,污泥热消化技术能高效杀灭病原体,降解常温消化无法水解的有机物。通过对自动升温好氧消化工艺(ATAD)和高温厌氧消化工艺进行比较,认为ATAD工艺适用于中小型污水厂(处理量<10×104m3/d),高温厌氧消化工艺则适用于处理量较大的污水厂。     

山东禹城污水处理厂主体工艺调试经验与分析

介绍了禹城污水处理厂的调试运行状况，并从培菌启动条件、设备配置、水力流态等方面对调试过程中出现的问题进行了分析与探讨，在此基础上提出了适合中小城镇污水处理厂面对进水水量波动较大，冲击负荷高的情况下的调试经验。