Utility of an image-based canopy reflectance modeling tool for remote estimation of LAI and leaf chlorophyll content at the field scale

This paper presents a physically-based approach for estimating critical variables describing land surface vegetation canopies, relying on remotely sensed data that can be acquired from operational satellite sensors. The REGularized canopy reFLECtance (REGFLEC) modeling tool couples leaf optics (PROSPECT), canopy reflectance (ACRM), and atmospheric radiative transfer (6SV1) model components, facilitating the direct use of at-sensor radiances in green, red and near-infrared wavelengths for the inverse retrieval of leaf chlorophyll content (C_ab) and total one-sided leaf area per unit ground area (LAI). The inversion of the canopy reflectance model is constrained by assuming limited variability of leaf structure, vegetation clumping, and leaf inclination angle within a given crop field and by exploiting the added radiometric information content of pixels belonging to the same field. A look-up-table with a suite of pre-computed spectral reflectance relationships, each a function of canopy characteristics, soil background effects and external conditions, is accessed for fast pixel-wise biophysical parameter retrievals. Using 1 m resolution aircraft and 10 m resolution SPOT-5 imagery, REGFLEC effectuated robust biophysical parameter retrievals for a corn field characterized by a wide range in leaf chlorophyll levels and intermixed green and senescent leaf material. Validation against in-situ observations yielded relative root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) on the order of 10% for the 1 m resolution LAI (RMSD = 0.25) and C_ab (RMSD = 4.4 μg cm^− 2) estimates, due in part to an efficient correction for background influences. LAI and C_ab retrieval accuracies at the SPOT 10 m resolution were characterized by relative RMSDs of 13% (0.3) and 17% (7.1 μg cm^− 2), respectively, and the overall intra-field pattern in LAI and C_ab was well established at this resolution. The developed method has utility in agricultural fields characterized by widely varying distributions of model variables and holds promise as a valuable operational tool for precision crop management. Work is currently in progress to extend REGFLEC to regional scales.     

On the surface area of the -star graph

We present an explicit formula for the surface area of the (n,k)-star graph, i.e., the number of nodes at a certain distance from the identity node in the graph, by identifying the unique cycle structures associated with the nodes in the graph, deriving a distance expression in terms of such structures between the identity node of the graph and any other node, and enumerating those cycle structures satisfying the distance restriction.The above surface area derivation process can also be applied to some of the other node symmetric interconnection structures defined on the symmetric group, when the aforementioned distance expression is available.     

基于车辆自组网络的分布式自主导航系统

针对交通拥堵和道路安全问题,在车载自组网路由协议改进和实现的基础上,提出一种基于车辆自组网络的分布式智能交通服务系统,实现邻域动态路况展示、突发交通事故预警和交通图片视频信息分发等自主交通导航服务。与传统后台计算动态交通服务实现方式相比,车辆自组网能较好地发挥其在车辆问直接交互交通、安全、娱乐等实时信息的优势。     

基于面阵图像传感器的带材对中检测系统

为克服现有带材对中检测技术的不足,提出一种采用线形激光配合面阵CMOS图像传感器的新型带材对中检测方案.根据新型对中检测的特点,设计了高速嵌入式图像处理系统,通过传感器硬件开窗技术减小数据量并提高帧率,采用亚像素技术提高了检测精度,克服了传统面阵图像传感系统帧率低、滞后大、分辨率不足的问题,使系统可适应高速带材的对中检测与控制的需要.     

一种基于XML的任务驱动型数据传输与同步方法

出于信息安全和业务需要,人们在彼此逻辑或物理隔离的局域网环境中浏览和处理信息,但是又不想丧失网络互联带来的便利和强大的信息处理能力。通过数据传输与同步机制,模拟广域网环境、避免信息孤岛是一种现实可行的选择。给出了一种基于XML的任务驱动的数据传输与同步方法,通过分析数据传输场景,设定了基于XML的任务数据模板和任务结果数据模板,借助于具体的信息化系统,基于相应的模板,自动生成任务数据包及任务数据结果包,以数据光盘进行信息传输,通过数据寻址、定位及导入操作实现了数据同步功能。通过该数据通路,实现了各级彼此独立的信息系统的互联,用户犹如在一个互联的广域网环境中进行数据处理。该方法大大提升了信息系统的安全性,降低了铺设或租用线路的成本,解决了各级网络之间不连通导致的信息壁垒,更符合现阶段特殊行业使用网络环境的要求。     

居住小区价格与公共服务网络可达性的相关性研究

提出了居住小区公共服务网络的概念,考虑居住小区与各类公共服务节点之间的最短路径、最快路径、次短路径和次快路径等四个指标,以皮尔逊积矩相关系数评估各类公共服务节点可达性与居住小区住房价格的相关性,建立了计算模型,从而识别出对居住小区住房价格影响较大的因素,以武汉市居住小区公共服务网络为例进行了实证分析.结果表明,本方法能够效识别对居住小区价格有重要影响的公共服务要素,为居住小区规划和公共服务优化配置提供决策支持.     

小型局域网下高校计算机实验室监控系统设计

近年来,全球互联网技术飞速发展,网络技术广泛应用于各个领域;随着网络技术的快速发展,我国各大高校开设计算机实验室,在高校范围内搭建的小型局域网中引入监控系统,辅助高校实验室的日常使用管理工作;传统的监控系统在小型局域网中存在数据资源交互消耗大、数据传输延迟高、视频数据储存空间利用率低等问题,给计算机实验室的日常管理带来不便;针对上述问题,提出小型局域网下高校计算机实验室监控系统设计;对数据交互过程中资源消耗大的问题,采用双协议传输单元进行资源交互算法的改进;对传统监控系统存在的数据传输延迟问题,采用数据阵列重组模组进行数据内部优化处理;采用ViodTM视频压缩单元,对监控视频进行算法核心压缩处理,从问题产生根源进行解决;通过实验证明,提出的小型局域网下高校计算机实验室监控系统设计,具有资源占用小、传输速度快、视频存储率高等特点。     

基于PLC的三维调整机同步控制系统设计与实现

为了解决目前分段造船模式采用人工肉眼合拢准确率低的现况,提出了三维调整机多机同步控制的思路,设计了基于西门子S7-200 PLC和工业无线以太网的同步控制方案;在同步控制系统方案中,利用PLC对工况数据进行读取和计算,并将计算结果转化为各维度油缸的位移值,同时各油缸内置位移传感器将动作结果反馈给PLC形成闭环控制,从而保证同步控制的精确性;利用工业无线以太网作为数据的传输媒介,在保证数据传输稳定的前提下,操作者可以灵活变化位置;实验中将4台机器组成一个系统,分别对X、Y、Z三个方向的油缸进行同步位移测试,结果显示系统能够准确地进行平移、顶升动作,动作过程中每台三维调整机同方向油缸同步误差满足设计要求,实现了同步控制的效果。     

A Reducing Saturation Method for DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Image Combining Landsat Data

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS)is one of the data sources,which can effectively reflect human activities of earth surfaces.During the past decade,DMSP/OLS had been extensively applied in urban extraction and extension study.In the recent year,the Vegetation Adjusted NTL Urban Index(VANUI)has been proposed and had proven to be a simple,convenient and high precision desaturation index to extract urban area.In VANUI method,negative values of imagery were directly eliminated to remove water body,which not only removed the bridge over the river and building but also extracted the aquaculture areas along the coast,thus,this method reduced the extraction accuracy.This paper proposed a new index\|RwNTLI,combining DMSP/OLS nighttime light data and the vegetation index (NDVI)and water index (MNDWI)which were constructed by Landsat data.In this study,Guangzhou was taken as experimental area.By comparing the VANUI index with the ability to identify ground objects as well as the ability to alleviate saturation regions,the result showed RwNTLI index could effectively solve the problem of VANUI as well as eliminate saturation effect of nighttime light imagery.Among them,the correlation between RwNTLI index and RCNTL is better than that of VANUI index and RCNTL.Therefore,RwNTLI index is a simple and effective index of luminous desaturation,which has more advantages than VANUI index in describing the characteristics of night lights of urban areas and will have higher application value in urban built\|up areas in the future.     

IBI and CA Model based Extraction of Urban Built\|up Areaand Its Application：A Case Study in Shanghai

At present,the automatic extraction of urban built\|up area is still a problem.Taking Shanghai city as an example,this research uses the binary image,which was derived from an IBI(index\|based built\|up index)image,as the geographical cellular automaton initial input data.This was then imported to the extended cellular automata model for further processing.After a series of processing such as thresholding,corrosion and connectivity test,the urban built\|up area was simulated and can be extracted.Based on this method,the urban built\|up area of Shanghai in five different years between 1987 and 2015 was extracted using multi\|temporal Landsat images of Shanghai.In addition,the urban growth intensity index,the concentric buffers analysis and radar chart analysis were calculated and used to analysis spatiotemporal pattern of Shanghai urban expansion in the 28 study years.The result shows that the built\|up area of Shanghai was expanded from 195 km² in 1987 to 1759 km² in 2015,which is eight times as large as that in 1987.In the period between 1987 and 2002,the urban built\|up area expanded mainly along the North\|South axis of the Huangpu River.However,after 2002 the expansion rate was increased more quickly,and the direction of the expansion was shifted to an east to west direction.Generally speaking,Shanghai has experienced a rapid urban expansion in the recent three decades.