Family-Focused Preventive Interventions: Evaluating Parental Risk Moderation of Substance Use Trajectories.

Four years of longitudinal data from 373 families participating in a randomized intervention-control clinical trial were used to examine whether intervention effects on adolescent alcohol and tobacco use trajectories were moderated by family risk, as defined by parental social emotional maladjustment. Consistent with earlier outcome evaluations based on analyses of covariance, analyses confirmed that both the Preparing for the Drug Free Years program and the Iowa Strengthening Families Program favorably influenced alcohol use index trajectories across the time frame of the study; only the latter program, however, evidenced positive effects on a tobacco use index. Concerning the primary research question, analyses provided no support for family risk moderation of any intervention effect. Findings indicate the feasibility of developing universal preventive interventions that offer comparable benefits to all families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use Disorders and Personality Disorder Symptoms.

In a nonclinical sample of 395 young adults, the authors evaluated the relations between major personality traits, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorder symptoms, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Consistent with previous findings, traits related to disinhibition and negative affectivity were consistently associated with AUDs, as were Cluster B personality disorder symptoms (especially antisocial and borderline disorder symptoms). Multivariate analyses revealed that Cluster B symptoms were significantly associated with AUDs above and beyond what was accounted for by personality traits. Further, the authors found differential patterns of relations between other substance use disorders (SUDs; i.e., tobacco dependence and drug use diagnoses) and personality disorder symptoms. Overall, these results suggest that personality disorder symptoms predict unique variance in SUDs that reflect maladaptive aspects of personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Scanning tunnelling microscopy of tobacco mosaic virus on evaporated and sputter-coated palladium/gold substrates

We present scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images of untreated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) deposited on thermally evaporated and on sputter-coated palladium/gold 40:60 (Pd/Au) substrates, and imaged under ordinary atmospheric conditions. The TMV imaged on both evaporated and sputter-coated substrates was consistently several times wider than the known diameter of the virus. TMV on evaporated Pd/Au became overcoated with Pd/Au material during sample preparation and appeared elevated in STM images, whereas TMV on sputter-coated Pd/Au appeared as depressions. When naked TMV were intentionally overcoated with Pd/Au, the STM images were found to be similar to those for TMV on evaporated Pd/Au.     

造纸法烟草薄片生产循环水限制性参数的探索

为有效解决造纸法烟草薄片抄造回水循环使用易腐化变质而造成产品存在酸异味的问题,根据循环水质参数间相关性关系,从表征循环水中有害物质含量的角度出发,优选出电导率、氨氮作为循环水限制性参数,有效克服了行业中对抄造循环水盲目排放而带来的吨纸耗水大和产品质量隐患的问题,实现了抄造回水有效循环利用的目标。从造纸法烟草薄片感观吸味出发,建议循环水氨氮含量控制≤4.0mg/L。     

超功率ΔT保护整定值验证方法研究

超功率ΔT保护堆芯以防止超线功率密度引起的燃料元件损坏.以M310型核电厂为例,选取满功率下蒸汽系统管道破裂事故,研究初始工况、破口尺寸、反应性反馈系数、控制棒的调节等因素对核电厂超功率ΔT保护整定值有效性的影响,形成超功率ΔT保护整定值有效性的验证方法.     

New Theoretical Model for Two-Phase Flow Discharged from Stratified Two-Phase Region through Small Break

A theoretical and experimental study was conducted to understand two-phase flow discharged from a stratified two-phase region through a small break. This problem is important for an analysis of a small break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a light water reactor (LWR). The present theoretical results show that a break quality is a function of h/h_b , where h is the elevation difference between a bulk water level in the upstream region and the break and b the suffix for entrainment initiation. This result is consistent with existing experimental results in literature. An air-water experiment was also conducted changing a break orientation as an experimental parameter to develop and assess the model. Comparisons between the model and the experimental results show that the present model can satisfactorily predict the flow rate and the quality at the break without using any adjusting constant when liquid entrainment occurs in a stratified two-phase region. When gas entrainment occurs, the experimental data are correlated well by using a single empirical constant.     

γ射线诱导的肝癌细胞DNA双链断裂

为了揭示辐射生物学效应的机理,用倒转脉冲场凝胶电泳（ＰＩＧＥ）研究了γ射线辐照肝癌ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞诱导的ＤＮＡ双链断裂（ＤＳＢ）及其修复２４、４８ｈ后的产额和片段的分布情况。结果表明：修复０ｈ和２４ｈ的样品,ＤＮＡ片段释放百分比（ＰＲ）随着剂量的增加而增加;诱导的ＤＳＢ片段主要是１Ｍｂｐ－２Ｍｂｐ的大片段;ＤＳＢ产额分别为０．３８ＤＳＢｓ／１００Ｍｂｐ．Ｇｙ和０．０６ＤＳＢｓ／１００Ｍｂｐ．     

荧光法检测辐射所致肿瘤细胞DNA链断裂与3-氨基苯甲酰胺对重接修复的抑制

采用简化的DNA解旋荧光法(FADU),检测HeLa S3细胞在受到γ射线照射后的DNA链断裂,在10 Gy以内,剂量效应曲线呈线性。ADP-核糖基转移酶特异性抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺(3AB),在无毒浓度下可以抑制HeLa S 3细胞DNA链断裂重接,并可降低H3La S3细胞照后活存率。3AB单独与HeLa S 3细胞保温,不造成DNA链断裂,同时未见对细胞有毒性反应。3AB可以作为有希望的放疗增敏剂深入研究。     

瞬变电磁法视电阻率成像的接地网断点诊断方法

为了实现变电站接地网断点无损检测,首次提出将瞬变电磁法用于断点诊断的新方法,在地面上施加一个斜阶跃关断的脉冲信号,通过对接地网感应信号的检测,反演计算视电阻率并快速成像,从视电阻率断面图中直观诊断接地网断点故障情况。采用Ansoft Maxwell软件正演计算接地网瞬变电磁响应信号,通过接地网完好与存在断点两种情况的视电阻率成像图对比,说明方法的可行性。在变电站开展接地网断点诊断实验,结果充分论证了方法的有效性,作为一种简便、高效的接地网断点无损检测方法,可用于工程实际。     

加强烟用香精香料质量控制的探讨

该文对烟用香精香料这一特殊产品进行介绍,就烟用香精香料在烟草行业中的质量控制以具体的检测实验进行对比,通过常规物理实验和气相色谱-质谱分析方法的比较,说明各方法在香精香料质量控制中优劣,并就烟用香精香料检测室在实验室管理和统计技术等方面的提高提出建议。