UPLC-MS/MS检测番茄酱中缩节胺、矮壮素残留的研究

利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术监测缩节胺、矮壮素残留在番茄酱模拟工艺试验过程中的变化情况。监测结果显示:不同程度缩节胺、矮壮素残留在番茄酱工艺过程中不会减少,而随着番茄酱浓度的增加而同倍增加。     

Dry fermented sausages enriched with lycopene from tomato peel

Tomato industries yield a high amount of by-products mainly tomato peel and seeds. Since tomato peel is rich in lycopene, the direct addition of peel to food products could be a way to use this by-product to obtain a new products enriched in lycopene. This work describes experiments performed to develop dry fermented sausages (salchichón) containing this carotene. 0%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% (w/w) of dry tomato peel was added to the meat mixture used in sausage manufacture. A slight losts of lycopene was detected after 21 days ripening, however, levels remained between 0.26 and 0.58 mg of lycopene/100 g of sausage. The sensory and textural properties and overall acceptability of all sausages were good, indicating that tomato peel could be added to dry fermented sausages to produce a meat product enriched in lycopene.     

米糟制备大米蛋白研究

以米糟为原料对四种制备大米蛋白不同方法,即碱蛋白酶两步法、水溶液洗涤法、淀粉酶除杂法和非淀粉酶除杂法进行比较;研究结果发现,后三种方法在制备大米蛋白时得率(>85%)和纯度(>80%)明显高于第一种方法得率(约69.2%)和纯度(约70%)。     

Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process

BACKGROUND: Lycopene, a precursor of β‐carotene with a well‐known antioxidant activity, contained in many natural products such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), watermelon, red pepper and papaya, is usually recovered from natural vegetal sources using organic solvents and a purification step. In this paper an innovative process for the extraction of pure lycopene from tomato waste in water that uses the Naviglio^® extractor and water as extracting phase is presented. RESULTS: Lycopene was obtained in the all‐trans form at a very high grade of purity, not less than 98% (w/w), with an average recovery of 14% (w/w). The availability of high‐purity trans‐lycopene allowed measurement of the molar absorption coefficient. An alternative procedure for high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis using a phenyl‐hexyl silicone phase as inverse phase and a linear gradient in water and acetonitrile is also described. CONCLUSIONS: The use of water as extracting phase considerably reduces the cost of the entire process when compared with the commonly used solvent‐based procedure or with the newer supercritical extraction process of lycopene from tomato waste. Lycopene, not soluble in water, was recovered in a quasi‐crystalline solid form and purified by solid‐phase extraction using a small amount of organic solvent. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry This article was published online on September 15, 2008. Errors in Figures 2 ‐ 4 were subsequently identified. The publishers wish to apologise for these errors. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [September 19, 2008]     

提高番茄匀浆中番茄红素合成量的研究

研究了葡萄糖、谷氨酸钠、乙烯利对仍具生理活性的番茄匀浆中番茄红素合成量的影响.结果表明:在番茄匀浆中添加乙烯利1.2%,葡萄糖1.0%,谷氨酸钠3.0%,BHT 0.01%,25℃下恒温处理0.5h后,番茄红素的含量提高86%.     

贵州黔东南州番茄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估

为明确贵州黔东南州番茄中农药残留膳食摄入风险和现有农药最大残留限量（maximum residue limits,MRL）标准对消费者的保护水平,采用国家估计每日摄入量和国家估计短期摄入量对儿童和一般人群进行农药残留膳食摄入风险评估,用现有农药MRL标准的理论最大每日摄入量和理论最大短期摄入量对消费者的保护水平进行评估,并利用风险排序矩阵对检出农药进行风险排序。结果表明：番茄中共检出26 种农药,检出率为2%～20%;4 种农药残留超标,超标率为2%～4%。在儿童和一般人群中,氟虫腈慢性膳食摄入风险分别为459%和214%,其他农药慢性膳食摄入风险范围分别为0.008 40%～23.7%和0.003 92%～11.0%。儿童和一般人群的急性膳食暴露风险范围分别在0.015 6%～56.0%和0.006 85%～24.6%之间。农药MRL标准对儿童的慢性风险保护水平（consumer protection level for chronic dietary risk,CPLc）为0.304～60.9,急性风险保护水平（consumer protection level for acute dietary risk,CPLa）为0.462～153;现有农药MRL标准对一般人群的CPLc为0.652～130,CPLa为1.05～349。高风险农药氟虫腈对各类消费者均存在不可接受的慢性风险,除此之外其他农药残留的慢性风险和所有农药残留的急性风险均在可接受范围之内。丙溴磷和百菌清MRL标准对不同年龄阶段消费者慢性风险的保护均未达到可接受水平,异菌脲MRL标准对4～6 岁儿童急性风险的保护未达到可接受水平。因此,贵州黔东南州番茄应重点关注丙溴磷、百菌清、异菌脲以及氟虫腈等高风险农药。     

基于新一代高通量测序技术分析拮抗酵母Cryptoccocus laurentii诱导处理樱桃番茄果实后转录组学的变化

罗伦隐球酵母（Cryptococcus laurentii）作为生物激发子,能显著诱导采后樱桃番茄对灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）的抗性响应,但其防治机制尚未完全明确。本实验以樱桃番茄为材料,利用新一代高通量测序技术Illumina HiSeqTM4000对罗伦隐球酵母处理及水对照处理的番茄果肉组织进行转录组测序,采用生物信息学方法对差异基因进行功能注释和通路分析,并利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR）技术对随机选取的差异表达基因进行验证。结果表明,樱桃番茄果实经过罗伦隐球酵母诱导处理48?h后,共有3?141?个基因差异表达,上、下调表达基因分别为1?689?个和1?452?个,这些差异表达基因涉及多个代谢路径,揭示罗伦隐球酵母对番茄的诱导作用是一个多代谢路径参与的调控过程。此外,RT-qPCR验证结果与转录组分析结果趋势一致。     

芸豆渣膳食纤维超声辅助酶法提取工艺优化及特性研究

超声波辅助复合酶(1.0%碱性蛋白酶和0.2%耐高温α-淀粉酶)酶解脱脂后的奶白花芸豆豆渣,提取其中的膳食纤维。研究了超声条件对水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)和水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)提取率的影响,优化了提取工艺条件,并研究了芸豆渣膳食纤维的结构及理化性质。试验结果表明:超声时间25 min、功率250 W、温度60℃时,IDF提取率达到60.11%,SDF提取率为5.63%;两种膳食纤维的红外光谱中有特征吸收峰;SDF持水力比IDF高出1.828g/g,持油力高出0.69g/g。     

豆基杂粮米稀挤压膨化工艺优化

以豆渣为主要原料,复配杂粮及药食同源食材制备豆基杂粮米稀,以物料加水量、螺杆转速、Ⅲ区机筒温度为响应因素,糊化度为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,利用Design-Expert 8.0.6设计试验得到挤压膨化技术制备豆基杂粮米稀的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在物料加水量12.5%、螺杆转速330 r/min、Ⅲ区机筒温度160 ℃的条件下,制备的豆基杂粮米稀具有较高的糊化度（91.47%）,冲调时口感细腻、香味浓郁、不易结块。