含解磷菌螯合微量元素肥在番茄上的施用效果

以螯合微量元素肥为对照,研究了含解磷菌螯合微量元素肥在番茄上的施用效果。结果表明,施用含解磷菌螯合微量元素肥的番茄茎粗、叶厚以及叶绿素含量均较对照处理稍高,但差异性未达到显著性水平(P0.05);5次糖度值数据跟踪显示,施用含解磷菌螯合微量元素肥的番茄糖度均高于对照处理,糖度较对照处理提高了3.50%~7.72%;施用含解磷菌螯合微量元素肥的番茄单果质量略高于对照处理,且与对照相比,施用含解磷菌螯合微量元素肥处理的番茄增产率达到22.12%。     

基于RGB颜色模型的番茄识别系统设计

番茄加工机械中的核心部分是其颜色识别系统,应用LabVIEW中的Vision开发模块,编制程序利用USB摄像头实现图像采集,对图像中的RGB颜色模型进行直方图修正以提高图像的清晰度,修正后对图像采用邻域平均法进行去噪,消除外界干扰后采用最优阈值分割法对番茄图像进行分割,使目标物体与背景分离,继而根据图像中像素的R、G、B分量值的差异对成熟番茄与未成熟番茄进行颜色识别。     

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Tomato against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Powdery Mildew

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato crop yields and cause substantial economic losses every year. Several commercial tomato varieties include Ty-5 (SlPelo) and Mildew resistance locus o 1 (SlMlo1) locus that carries the susceptibility (S-gene) factors for TYLCV and powdery mildew, respectively. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a valuable genome editing tool to develop disease-resistant crop varieties. In this regard, targeting susceptibility factors encoded by the host plant genome instead of the viral genome is a promising approach to achieve pathogen resistance without the need for stable inheritance of CRISPR components. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to target the SlPelo and SlMlo1 for trait introgression in elite tomato cultivar BN-86 to confer host-mediated immunity against pathogens. SlPelo-knockout lines were successfully generated, carrying the biallelic indel mutations. The pathogen resistance assays in SlPelo mutant lines confirmed the suppressed accumulation of TYLCV and restricted the spread to non-inoculated plant parts. Generated knockout lines for the SlMlo1 showed complete resistance to powdery mildew fungus. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutagenesis for the rapid development of pathogen-resistant varieties in tomato.     

Knockout of Auxin Response Factor SlARF4 Improves Tomato Resistance to Water Deficit

Auxin response factors (ARFs) play important roles in various plant physiological processes; however, knowledge of the exact role of ARFs in plant responses to water deficit is limited. In this study, SlARF4, a member of the ARF family, was functionally characterized under water deficit. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment reduced the expression of SlARF4. SlARF4 was expressed in the vascular bundles and guard cells of tomato stomata. Loss of function of SlARF4 (arf4) by using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas 9 (CRISPR/Cas 9) technology enhanced plant resistance to water stress and rehydration ability. The arf4 mutant plants exhibited curly leaves and a thick stem. Malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in arf4 mutants than in wildtype plants under water stress; furthermore, arf4 mutants showed higher content of antioxidant substances, superoxide dismutase, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and catalase activities. Stomatal and vascular bundle morphology was changed in arf4 mutants. We identified 628 differentially expressed genes specifically expressed under water deficit in arf4 mutants; six of these genes, including ABA signaling pathway-related genes, were differentially expressed between the wildtype and arf4 mutants under water deficit and unlimited water supply. Auxin responsive element (AuxRE) elements were found in these genes’ promoters indicating that SlARF4 participates in ABA signaling pathways by regulating the expression of SlABI5/ABF and SCL3, thereby influencing stomatal morphology and vascular bundle development and ultimately improving plant resistance to water deficit.     

Dry fermented sausages enriched with lycopene from tomato peel

Tomato industries yield a high amount of by-products mainly tomato peel and seeds. Since tomato peel is rich in lycopene, the direct addition of peel to food products could be a way to use this by-product to obtain a new products enriched in lycopene. This work describes experiments performed to develop dry fermented sausages (salchichón) containing this carotene. 0%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% (w/w) of dry tomato peel was added to the meat mixture used in sausage manufacture. A slight losts of lycopene was detected after 21 days ripening, however, levels remained between 0.26 and 0.58 mg of lycopene/100 g of sausage. The sensory and textural properties and overall acceptability of all sausages were good, indicating that tomato peel could be added to dry fermented sausages to produce a meat product enriched in lycopene.     

UPLC-MS/MS检测番茄酱中缩节胺、矮壮素残留的研究

利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术监测缩节胺、矮壮素残留在番茄酱模拟工艺试验过程中的变化情况。监测结果显示:不同程度缩节胺、矮壮素残留在番茄酱工艺过程中不会减少,而随着番茄酱浓度的增加而同倍增加。     

Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process

BACKGROUND: Lycopene, a precursor of β‐carotene with a well‐known antioxidant activity, contained in many natural products such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), watermelon, red pepper and papaya, is usually recovered from natural vegetal sources using organic solvents and a purification step. In this paper an innovative process for the extraction of pure lycopene from tomato waste in water that uses the Naviglio^® extractor and water as extracting phase is presented. RESULTS: Lycopene was obtained in the all‐trans form at a very high grade of purity, not less than 98% (w/w), with an average recovery of 14% (w/w). The availability of high‐purity trans‐lycopene allowed measurement of the molar absorption coefficient. An alternative procedure for high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis using a phenyl‐hexyl silicone phase as inverse phase and a linear gradient in water and acetonitrile is also described. CONCLUSIONS: The use of water as extracting phase considerably reduces the cost of the entire process when compared with the commonly used solvent‐based procedure or with the newer supercritical extraction process of lycopene from tomato waste. Lycopene, not soluble in water, was recovered in a quasi‐crystalline solid form and purified by solid‐phase extraction using a small amount of organic solvent. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry This article was published online on September 15, 2008. Errors in Figures 2 ‐ 4 were subsequently identified. The publishers wish to apologise for these errors. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [September 19, 2008]