施肥水平对日光温室番茄光合生理的影响

试验设计了5个施肥水平以研究对日光温室不同季节(茬口)番茄光合生理的影响。结果表明:随着日光温室番茄生育进程推进,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,叶绿素a/b比值冬春茬呈逐渐降低趋势,而秋冬茬呈逐渐增加趋势。随着施肥量的增加叶绿素含量呈增加趋势,但对叶绿素a/b的比值则影响不大。在5个施肥水平中,理论施肥的叶片光合能力较强,光合作用中的关键酶RUBP羧化酶活性,以及Mg2 -ATPase、Ca2 -ATPase活性较高,尤其中位叶和上位叶的光合能力较高。     

乙酰水杨酸对番茄果实内各部位糖分含量的影响

采用不同浓度乙酰水杨酸处理番茄果实,对在不同发育阶段果实各部位组织中的糖分含量变化进行了测定,结果表明:在番茄果实不同发育期,果实果皮、胶质胎座和心室隔壁中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均表现不同程度的增加,但对果实维管束中糖分含量影响不大,说明乙酰水杨酸具有提高番茄糖分含量的作用。     

雾培对番茄植株生长、产量和品质的影响

以土壤栽培为对照,采用山崎番茄营养液配方研究了雾培对番茄的生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:雾培番茄植株长势旺盛,叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率增加,每穗果的单果重和单株产量提高。而茎粗和单株结果数变化不大。此外,果实VC含量、可溶性糖含量与有机酸含量,以及糖酸比均下降,风味降低。这说明雾培可促进植株叶片光合作用的提高,并促进光合产物的运转,增加番茄果实产量,但不利于果实的品质的改善。     

低磷胁迫下不同番茄品种苗期根系生理适应性研究

采用液培方法研究了不同番茄品种在低磷胁迫下根系及生理学的适应特征。结果表明：低磷胁迫导致植株根，冠比增加．不同番茄品种的磷营养效率的差异主要表现在磷的吸收能力，而不是磷素分配和利用率。低磷胁迫下，耐低磷番茄品种的侧根平均长度要高于低磷敏感品种；不同番茄品种在低磷胁迫下酸性磷酸酶活性上升幅度存在显著差异，随着磷胁迫强度的增强，耐低磷品种的酸性磷酸酶的上升幅度高于低磷敏感品种；耐低磷番茄品种在低磷胁迫下具有小的Km和Cmin，说明这两个指标是番茄在磷胁迫下较为敏感的生理指标。     

Seed-germination inhibition by volatile alcohols and other compounds associated withAmaranthus palmeri residues

Effects of 3-pentanone and eight low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes identifed in the mixtures of volatiles released byAmaranthus palmeri S. Wats. (AMAPA) residues were determined on germination of onion, carrot, AMAPA, and tomato seeds. Three-day exposures to these volatiles significantly inhibited germination of these assay seeds, and the inhibition was dependent upon exposure time and concentration. Based on the degree of inhibition observed in both time- and concentration-dependent assays, the following activity series was obtained: 2-heptanol > 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol > hexanal, 1-pentanol, 3-pentanone, acetaldehyde > ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol. The activities of this group of compounds with that of 2-heptanone appear to be additive and related to test compound volatility and hydrophilicity. 2-Heptanol and 2-heptanone also significantly inhibited the germination of other species, including shepherdspurse, soybean, lettuce, alfalfa, common purslane, oats, and lovegrass.Name of companies or commercial products are given solely for the purpose of providing specific information; their mention does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned.     

湘西地区锰渣污染及防治措施

通过对湖南省湘西地区49家锰制品生产企业生产工艺及锰渣处理的调查研究,剖析了企业发展的环境制约因素,为中小民营企业可持续发展提出了防治锰渣污染的措施及建议,对全省及国内其它地区的锰渣污染防治有较好的启迪和借鉴。     

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) extract and its photovoltaic application

With an increasing awareness of green and clean energy, zinc oxide-based solar cells were found to be suitable candidates for cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices. In this paper, we have reported the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by thermal method and under microwave irradiation using the aqueous extract of tomatoes as non-toxic and ecofriendly reducing material. The synthesised ZnONPs were characterised by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), infra-red spectroscopy, particle size analyser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction study (XRD). A series of ZnO nanocomposites with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared for photovoltaic application. Structural and morphological studies of these nanocomposites were carried out using UV–vis, SEM, XRD and AFM. The current–voltage measurements of the nanocomposites demonstrated enhanced power conversion efficiency of 6.18% in case of ZnO/GO/ TiO₂ nanocomposite.     

The influence of different single dietary sources on moult induction in laying hens

An investigation was carried out to assess the possibility of using single dietary sources as alternatives to feed deprivation for the induction of moult in commercial laying hens. The study involved six dietary groups of 29 laying hens: unmoulted, dried tomato pomace, alfalfa meal, rice bran, cumin seed meal and feed withdrawal. The birds received the above diets during the moulting period (11 days), and body weight loss and ovary weight regression were measured. Post‐moult production parameters (number of eggs produced per hen per day, egg weight, shell weight, yolk colour and Haugh unit) were measured for 12 weeks. Results showed that all dietary sources were as effective as feed withdrawal in causing ovary weight regression in birds. Birds provided with tomato pomace or alfalfa showed lower weight losses than feed‐deprived birds at the end of the moulting period. Hens moulted by tomato pomace or alfalfa exhibited post‐moult levels of egg production over a 12 week period that were superior to those of hens moulted by feed withdrawal. Post‐moult eggs laid by hens moulted by all dietary sources were of comparable quality to eggs from feed‐deprived hens and superior to those from unmoulted hens. As fibrous feeds with low metabolisable energy and an appreciable amount of protein, dried tomato pomace and alfalfa meal may be fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for effective moult induction while reducing the stress of severe starvation and retaining comparable egg quality and production. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

猪的遗传缺陷与异常

研究了耐盐与不耐盐番茄自交系在盐胁迫与正常栽培条件下根中蛋白质表达上的差异。耐盐番茄根系中蛋白质含量高于不耐盐番茄，正常栽培条件下番茄根系蛋白质含量高于盐处理番茄。蛋白质提取液不但在总蛋白质数量上有所不同，而且在蛋白质种类上亦有所差异。经过不同的双向凝胶电泳分离后，经过PD Quest软件和Q—TOF质谱分析结果为，在盐胁迫条件下共有8种蛋白质在表达上差异显著。磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶催化和3-异戊基苹果酸脱氢酶在盐处理的耐盐番茄根系中显著增加，异戊烯二磷酸(IDP)异构酶显著减少。