Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

白光LED用球形钼酸钙粉体的控制合成及特性(英文)

以去离子水和无水乙醇的混合溶液为溶剂,采用水热法成功合成出白光LED用球形CaMoO4基质粉体,制备了Eu3+、Sm3+、Pr3+掺杂的CaMoO4红色荧光材料。对CaMoO4∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm,Pr)荧光粉的物相、微观形貌和发光性能进行表征。结果表明:180℃水热反应24h,水与乙醇体积比为3∶1,pH=7.0时可控制合成出规则球形CaMoO4粉体。CaMoO4∶Eu3+粉体在395nm紫外光和465nm蓝光激发下,最强的红光发射峰位于618nm处,对应于Eu3+的5 D0→7 F2跃迁。CaMoO4∶Sm3+荧光粉激发峰为406和480nm,最强的红光发射峰位于649nm处,对应于Sm3+的4 G5/2→6 H9/2跃迁。CaMoO4∶Pr3+在453nm蓝光激发下,其最强红光发射峰位于655nm处,对应于Pr3+的3 P0→3 F2跃迁。而掺杂作为电荷补偿剂的碱金属Li+,可以有效提高CaMoO4∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm,Pr)荧光粉的发射强度。由此可知,CaMoO4∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm,Pr)有望成为白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

白光LED用Ca_6Sr_4(Si_2O_7)_3Cl_2:Ce~(3+),Eu~(2+),Sm~(3+)荧光粉的合成及其发光性质

采用传统的高温固相法合成了Ce3+,Eu2+,Sm3+离子分别单激活和三种稀土离子共激活的Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2荧光粉,并通过X射线粉末衍射、荧光光谱和CIE色坐标对其结构和发光性质进行了研究。荧光粉Ca5.91Sr3.96(Si2O7)3Cl2:0.02Ce3+,0.04Eu2+,0.04Sm3+在365 nm激发下能发射高强度白光,其色坐标为x=0.2183,y=0.2187,有望成为一种新型白光LED灯用荧光粉。     

Post mortemRelease of Fish White Muscle α-Actinin as a Marker of Disorganisation

α-Actinin release and its degradation from myofibrils Z-line were studied in post mortem white dorsal muscle from bass and sea trout stored at 4°C and 10°C. Using α-actinin specific antibodies, we show that this protein is rapidly released within the first 24 h for the two species, and reaches a plateau within 4 days. Proteolysis take place very rapidly in bass muscle yielding 80 and 40 kDa fragments from α-actinin as major bands of proteolysis. Sea trout muscle is more resistant, and muscle stored at 4°C is not significantly α-actinin degraded even 10 days after death. In the case of sea trout muscle stored at 10°C, an increasing quantity of 80 and 40 kDa fragment can be observed after the third day. These results show that release and proteolysis of α-actinin are time- and temperature-dependent processes that take place at the early stages of fish storage. Furthermore, we observed that proteolysis of α-actinin seems to be dependent on fish species. In both species studied, the early release of α-actinin comes before the degradation of released molecules, and appears as a biphasic process throughout the disorganisation of post mortem muscle in fish cold-stored above 0°C.     

Use of Palm Mid-Fraction in White Chocolate Formulation

Samples of two types of palm mid-fraction (PMF I, a commercial sample and PMF II, from a laboratory-scale acetone fractionation of PMF I) and a Malaysian deodorised cocoa butter sample were used as the main components in the fat phase for white chocolate formulation. The monounsaturatedtriacylglycerol contents of these fats were 853, 899 and 903 g kg⁻¹, respectively.All the fats had free fatty acid contents of less than 10 g kg⁻¹ and melting points in the range of 34·0–34·5°C. The solid fat content profiles for the three fats were very steep. Differential scanning calorimeter analyses showed that all the fats had two melting peaks, T1 and T2. Results of the study showed that the tempering time to produce a well-tempered chocolate using PMF I was longer than that using PMF II, whereas, the time to produce a well-tempered cocoa butter chocolate increased with increase in the tempering temperature. Chocolates made with PMF I and II were well tempered between 17 and 19°C and with cocoa butter at 23°C. Thermal analyses, carried out on the chocolate showed that PMF I and II produced three melting peaks, T1, T2′ and T2 whereas most of the cocoa butter chocolates exhibited only one melting peak, T2. Storage studies showed that most of the chocolates had good bloom resistance for up to 12 weeks storage.     

具有白指数律重合性的改进GM(1,1)负荷预测

针对传统灰色模型的建模机理和存在的局限性,提出了改进方法。首先对原始负荷数据序列应用对数处理的数据预处理方法,减小了序列的级比偏差,然后将具有白指数律重合性的预测方法引进负荷预测,解决了发展系数较大时不能用的禁限,最后对负荷预测差值进行适当阶次的对数处理,建立了局部残差处理模型。通过实例分析表明该方法较普通GM(1,1)模型具有更高的精度。     

高帧频大面阵彩色CMOS相机Bayer滤波器解码算法

在图像处理领域中,利用高帧频大面阵数字相机不仅可以提高图像采集精度,而且也可以捕捉到目标的一些细节动作,更好地测量出目标的运动轨迹与姿态。介绍了高帧频大面阵彩色CMOS相机的Bayer滤波器解码算法,实现了彩色图像输出。这样就能够更好地对一些具有颜色特征的目标进行提取与识别,简化算法,缩短运算时间。     

Human iPSC-Derived Astrocytes: A Powerful Tool to Study Primary Astrocyte Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Rare Leukodystrophies

Astrocytes are very versatile cells, endowed with multitasking capacities to ensure brain homeostasis maintenance from brain development to adult life. It has become increasingly evident that astrocytes play a central role in many central nervous system pathologies, not only as regulators of defensive responses against brain insults but also as primary culprits of the disease onset and progression. This is particularly evident in some rare leukodystrophies (LDs) where white matter/myelin deterioration is due to primary astrocyte dysfunctions. Understanding the molecular defects causing these LDs may help clarify astrocyte contribution to myelin formation/maintenance and favor the identification of possible therapeutic targets for LDs and other CNS demyelinating diseases. To date, the pathogenic mechanisms of these LDs are poorly known due to the rarity of the pathological tissue and the failure of the animal models to fully recapitulate the human diseases. Thus, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from patient fibroblasts and their differentiation into astrocytes is a promising approach to overcome these issues. In this review, we discuss the primary role of astrocytes in LD pathogenesis, the experimental models currently available and the advantages, future evolutions, perspectives, and limitations of hiPSC to study pathologies implying astrocyte dysfunctions.     

表面活性剂在废纸脱墨中的应用

本文研究了废纸再利用中,表面活性剂对废纸脱墨效果的影响,集中研究了12种表面活性剂脱墨性能,筛选出脱墨效果较好的AEO9,SDS,AES,TX-10,T-80和油酸钠6种表面活性剂进行双组分复配,研究结果显示双组分表面活性剂的脱墨效果明显优于单组分表面活性剂。     

来凤姜的抗氧化与抑菌活性及挥发性化合物研究

目的 探究来凤姜(Zingiber officinale)的抗氧化、抑菌活性及挥发性化合物,并与云南小姜和山东莱芜娃娃姜进行对比。方法 以绿水镇、漫水乡、百福司镇3地的来凤姜为研究对象,分析其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率和对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, GC-IMS)对来凤姜LS3(绿水镇3号姜)、BF5(百福司镇5号姜)、MS10(漫水乡10号姜)的挥发性化合物进行分离鉴定,并与YNXJ(云南小姜)和SDLW(山东莱芜娃娃姜)进行对比,基于相似度和主成分分析其特征挥发性物质。结果 来凤姜LS21(绿水镇21号姜)的抗氧化活性最强,MS7(漫水乡7号姜)对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,与我国其他地方特色生姜相比,来凤姜中的茴香醛、异戊醛、3-甲基丁醛、2-庚酮单体及二聚体相对含量较高,为其特征挥发性化合物。不同产地来凤姜相比,绿水镇LS3的β-月桂烯聚合物、β-月桂烯二聚体、α-水芹烯...