刮板输送机中部槽耐磨焊条研究

通过对 3种耐磨焊条的金相组织分析 ,X -射线物相分析 ,宏观及显微硬度分析对比 ,选择了Cr-W -B -Nb型耐磨堆焊焊条 ,堆焊层组织为马氏体加残余奥氏体加碳化物 ,其堆焊层硬度高达HRC66。     

安全阀弹簧设计应注意的几个问题

通过对安全阀压力流量特性分析 ,指出了安全阀在弹簧设计时应注意的几个问题     

致密砂岩气藏水平井测井评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田X井区为例

致密气藏中有相当一部分水平井测井系列少、评价难度大,如何利用有限的测井资料有效开展水平井测井评价,对气藏高效开发具有重要意义。以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田X井区为例,结合地质和生产动态等资料,利用水平井仅有的随钻伽马测井和气测录井资料开展测井评价研究,形成了基于伽马峰值和全烃有效指示因子的双参数水平井产能评价方法,有效提高了水平井产能评价精度,为同类气藏水平井测井评价提供了借鉴。研究认为,基于随钻伽马峰值分析能够有效对储层进行评价,大牛地X井区山西组和下石盒子组高产井目的层段随钻伽马值的分布均表现出了明显的单峰特征,而低产井则表现为双峰或不具有明显的峰值特征,主要与水平井钻遇砂体的稳定性有关。利用X井区气测录井资料,构建了基于全烃有效指示因子用于评价单井产能,并建立了山西组和下石盒子组水平井经济产能的气测录井指标。综合上述两种方法,形成双参数水平井产能评价方法,准确评价了X井区水平井单井产能。     

基于向下延拓Milne法的重力归一化总梯度法

重力归一化总梯度法需进行向下延拓和垂向导数的计算,这两个过程都会放大高波数成分,影响计算结果的稳定性。为此,将向下延拓Milne法及积分垂向二阶导数法引入重力归一化总梯度的计算。将该方法应用于估算无限长水平圆柱体模型的中心位置,计算结果准确。然后针对实测重力数据,利用本方法得到的矿洞中心埋深较基于泰勒级数展开的重力归一化总梯度法更准确,因此本文方法具有一定的实用性。     

《进入天然气长输管道气体质量要求》国家标准解读

《进入天然气长输管道气体质量要求》标准的制订和实施与GB 17820 《天然气》协调一致,将进一步规范进入天然气长输管道的气体质量。该标准规定发热量、总硫等指标有大幅度提升,将对天然气处理工艺、分析测试等多方面产生深远的影响,尤其是总硫含量跨数量级的提升将有效地契合国家和公众对环保的要求。而H_2、CO等指标的确定也将有效扩大标准适用范围,确保对现阶段进入天然气长输管道气体种类的全覆盖。     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆Al+Al2O3涂层研究

为了改善AZ91D镁合金的表面性能,试验利用3kW横流CO2激光器在AZ91D镁合金表面上进行了激光熔覆Al+Al2O3涂层处理。熔覆后使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对熔覆层进行了微观分析,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明:熔覆层由Mg,Mg17Al12,Al2O3等相组成,表层微观结构主要是Mg和Al的亚共晶基体及其上弥散的Al2O3颗粒;熔覆层的平均显微硬度最高达到250HV0.05,明显高于基体AZ91D(70～80HV0.05);其磨损性能与基体相比也有了较大提高。     

基于图像分割技术的压痕直径图像测量

在分析布氏硬度试验压痕图像基础上,提出基于属性直方图的图像分割算法.利用工业CCD相机获取压痕图像,通过图像分割、目标区域处理、压痕圆拟合等步骤完成图像处理,由此实现对压痕尺寸的自动精确测量.实验证明,该算法满足布氏硬度试验对压痕直径的测量要求.     

Evaluation of methods of measurement of nitrogen in poultry and animal manures

Kjeldahl nitrogen (N), total N and forms of inorganic N (ammoniacal (NH₄)-N, nitrate (NO₃)-N and nitrite (NO₂)-N) were measured in a range of animal manures. The manures include fresh samples of poultry manure, sheep manure, horse manure, dairy slurry and pig slurry and composted poultry manure. Kjeldahl N was measured by standard micro-Kjeldahl digestion. For total N measurements, NO₃-N and NO₂-N were recovered during Kjeldahl digestion by pretreatments with various oxidizing and reducing agents. Inorganic forms of N were measured by extraction with 2M KCl solution.Kjeldahl digestion alone allowed measurement only of organic N and NH₄-N. Amongst various modifications to the Kjeldahl, pretreatment with either acidified (H₂SO₄) Zn-CrK(SO₄)₂ or acidified (H₂SO₄) reduced Fe achieved complete recovery of NO₃-N. Nitrite N was only recovered by first oxidising the NO ₂ ^- to NO ₃ ^- with KMnO₄ followed by reduction to NH₄-N with acidified (H₂SO₄) reduced Fe.More than 95% of the total N in fresh animal manure was present as organic N and NH₄-N which were recovered by the standard Kjeldahl digestion. In the case of fresh manures there was no difference between the amount of total N measured by the Kjeldahl digestion and its modified methods. However composting of poultry manure or drying of poultry manure, pig slurry and dairy slurry resulted in an increase in NO₃-N which was not recovered during Kjeldahl digestion alone. Under these conditions the total N could be measured by pretreating the samples with KMnO₄ and reduced Fe prior to Kjeldahl digestion.Drying of animal manures caused a decrease in organic N and NH₄-N, especially in poultry, pig and dairy manures. There was a slight increase in NO₃-N; but most of the decrease in N content with drying was attributed to the volatilization loss of ammonia (NH₃). Amongst various drying methods examined air drying caused maximum loss of N as NH₃ whereas freeze drying caused minimum loss of N. This suggests that fresh animal manures can be freeze dried for analysis of N which causes minimum loss of N.     

基于总间隔的模糊v-相对间隔机的研究

类间间隔和类内聚类性是影响分类器分类性能的两种重要因素.基于模糊支持向量机和总间隔思想,提出一种基于总间隔的模糊v-相对间隔机(TMF-vRMM),本方法本质上是传统相对间隔机(RMM)的扩展,但可取得比RMM更好的分类性能.TMF-vRMM通过使用差异成本和引入总间隔和模糊隶属度,同时解决了不平衡训练样本问题和传统软间隔分类机RMM的过拟合问题,显著提升学习机的泛化能力.分别采用人造和实际数据集进行分类实验,结果显示TMF-vRMM具有优于相关方法的稳定分类性能.     

用全面质量管理的思想加强试验装备管理

为了加强对试验装备的质量管理,提出一种将全面质量管理(total quality management,TQM)和ISO9000相结合的管理标准。在分析TQM及ISO9000的异同后,将TQM思想运用到试验装备管理,并使用ISO9000中的SDCA方法对试验设备的参试过程进行监督和管理。结果表明:通过对试验装备的生命周期全过程进行全员参与的质量管理,可以持续改进设备的管理过程,提高参试设备质量,为圆满完成高密度、高强度、高难度试验任务提供保障。