滇刺枣挥发性成分的研究

用同时蒸馏萃取方法收集滇刺枣的挥发性成分,所得到的滇刺枣挥发性成分的二氯甲烷浓缩液用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离并分析鉴定其成分及质量分数,共鉴定出40个化合物,占总峰面积的79 07%,主要挥发性成分有:w〔邻苯二甲酸二(2 乙基)己酯〕=18 00%、w(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)=12 33%、w〔5 己基二氢 2(3H) 呋喃酮〕=4 60%、w(2 十二烯 4 酮)=2 75%、w(2 十三烷酮)=2 25%、w(十四烷)=2 15%、w(二十烷)=1 44%、w(十四烷酮)=2 14%、w(E 2 癸烯醛)=2 07%、w(2 壬烯 4 酮)=2 00%、w(己酸己酯)=1 93%、w(壬醛)=1 87%、w(丙基丙二酸)=1 73%、w(5 甲基糠醛)=1 70%、w(二十九烷)=1 52%、w(十三酸乙酯)=1 52%、w(己酸乙酯)=1 46%、w(6 甲基 2 十三烷酮)=1 30%、w(十四酸乙酯)=1 09%、w(4 羟基 6 甲基 2H吡喃 2 酮)=1 09%、w(丁基化羟基甲苯)=1 02%等。     

由粗氧化锌制备纳米活性氧化锌的研究

采用碳酸氢铵法由粗氧化锌制备纳米活性氧化锌。研究了用碳酸氢铵法由粗氧化锌制备活性氧化锌的热力学、中间体碱式碳酸锌的主要组成和碱式碳酸锌热分解的温度对形貌的影响;考察了中间体碱式碳酸锌的热分解温度和时间对纳米活性氧化锌的纯度、白度、比表面积和表观密度的影响。碱式碳酸锌焙解生成纳米活性氧化锌适宜的温度和时间分别为600℃和1h时,产品中氧化锌的质量分数为97.6%,粒度<100nm,比表面积50m2/g,表观密度0.21g/cm3。     

Reduction of NOx Stored at Low Temperatures on a NOx Adsorbing Catalyst

Isothermal storage and reduction of NO₂ with CO, C₃H₆ and H₂ as reducing agents on a lean NO _x adsorber was investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) studies. The reduction of NO _x was clearly favoured with H₂ as reducing agent. Carbon monoxide and C₃H₆ showed fairly low reduction of NO _x . The NO _x reduction at low temperatures with H₂ as reducing agent was found to be effective, clearly much more effective than for CO.     

GENOMIC HARDWIRING AND PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF TERPENOID-BASED DEFENSES IN CONIFERS

Over evolutionary history, conifers have faced a myriad of threats from phloem- and xylem-feeding insects, defoliating insects, and fungal pathogens. Among the trees defenses, terpenoids appear to play a major role by harming, disabling, deterring, repelling, or otherwise reducing the fitness of potential invaders. Each of the three classes of terpenoids in conifers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes, are composed of a large number of representative compounds. In most cases, the presence of a particular terpenoid compound in the oleoresin or volatile emissions from a specific conifer can be accounted for by the expression of one of many committed terpene synthase (TPS) genes. However, while each TPS may produce one or a few major products, many produce a variety of minor products with relatively constant component ratios in the product blends. TPS genes exist in conifers in large and functionally diverse, yet monophyletic, gene families. Within these gene families, new biochemical functions of TPS appear to have evolved by gene duplication and changes in the amino acid sequence of the enzymes active site. In addition, TPS genes may be differentially expressed prior to, during, and following attack by insects or pathogens. Thus, while the production of any particular terpenoid is hardwired into a conifers genome, these trees have the capacity to change the mixture of terpenoids in oleoresin secretions and volatile emissions. Anatomical changes may also accompany induced terpenoid production, supplementing the plasticity of the molecular and biochemical events.     

Air exposure time of olive pastes during the extraction process and phenolic and volatile composition of virgin olive oil

The time of exposure of olive pastes to air contact (TEOPAC) during malaxation was studied as a processing parameter that could be used to control endogenous oxidoreductases, such as polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase, which affect virgin olive oil quality. Phenolic and volatile compounds were analyzed in the oils obtained using progressive TEOPAC at three ripening stages of olives. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the raw data. The phenolic concentration of virgin olive oil progressively decreased with increasing IEOPAC. On the contrary, a positive relationship was found with the concentration of several volatile compounds responsible for virgin olive oil aroma. The effect of TEOPAC, however, was strictly related to fruit ripening.     

Hedgerow species and environmental conditions effects on soil total C and N and C and N mineralization patterns of soils amended with their prunings

An important criterium in selecting species for alley cropping is themineralization pattern of their prunings. This study determined effects of 5years of hedgerow pruning applications on soil organic C and total N at threelocations in Haiti and mineralization patterns from soil amended with theprunings during an incubation using micro-lysimeters. Soils (0–5cm) under 5 hedgerows were collected at each site and analyzed fororganic C and total N. In the laboratory, ground leaves and stems (<1cm diameter) of the hedgerow species were mixed with soil at ratesof 3 and 1.5 Mg ha^–1, respectively, andaerobically incubated in the dark at 25 °C. A non-amended soilwas used as control. Soils were leached to determine mineral N at 1, 3, 7, 14,28, 42, 84 and 120 days of incubation. Evolved CO₂ was measuredfollowing each leaching procedure. At the calcareous site, application ofprunings from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit andDelonix regia (Boj. ex Hook. Raf.) resulted in 23 and 13%higher soil N than the control, respectively, after 5 years. There were nodifferences in total N at the other sites but soil N was highest underLeucaena hybrid and Acaciaangustissima (Mill.) Kuntze, respectively at the basaltic and highelevation sites. Soils under D. regia (calcareous) andA. angustissima and Leucaena hybrid(high elevation) had higher organic C than the respective controls. Carbon andNmineralization and C turnover were highest when soils were amended with leavesof Leucaena diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth (calcareous andbasaltic soils) and A. angustissima (high elevation) andlowest in non-amended control soils. Stem-amended soils showed differences in Cmineralization for calcareous and high elevation soils whereas N mineralizationwas similar among treatments within sites. Carbon and N mineralization (highelevation soil) correlated positively with N concentrations of leaf prunings.Amendments with leaf prunings increased soil C and N mineralization andturnoverrates, suggesting greater nutrient availability for the crop during a shortperiod than in non-amended control soils.     

麝香草酚和二磺酸酚分光光度法测定NO-3-N的比较

文章对两种测定NO3^-－N的方法从灵敏度、去Cl^-、NO2^-的干扰能力及实际操作作了比较，并提出了用麝香草酚测定NO3^--N应注意事项。     

氧化还原反应式配平中可能差错的几种情况

本文通过许多实例，指出了氧化还原反应式配平中可能出现的得失电子数不等或电荷数未配平、得失电子关系不对及反应式中酸碱性介质有错误等几种差错，并归纳了在酸碱性水溶液中平衡介质的方法。     

SCR脱硝金属氧化物催化剂研究进展

氮氧化物是大气主要污染物之一,选择性催化还原(SCR)是国内外工业锅炉(窑炉)烟气脱硝的主要技术途径。脱硝催化剂是SCR技术的核心,近几十年来为人们所关注和广泛研究。金属氧化物催化剂材料来源广泛,制备简单,脱硝效率稳定,在工业锅炉(窑炉)烟气脱硝中具有广阔的应用前景,因而成为人们研究关注的重点。本文基于SCR烟气脱硝理论现状,归纳了金属氧化物催化剂优化设计的关键与重要基础,同时,梳理了目前备受研究关注的钒基、锰基、铈基、铁基等四种典型金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,系统介绍了不同氧化物催化剂的脱硝机理、本质特征、元素改良、结构和形貌设计,以及存在的问题等,并展望了今后金属氧化物催化剂研究的发展趋势,为今后工业锅炉(窑炉)烟气高效脱硝催化剂的研发提供参考借鉴。     

基于MABR的压裂返排液处理及微生物群落研究

压裂返排液含有多种复杂有机物,毒性高、盐度高以及可生化性差。设计了1个三级MABR系统用于压裂返排液的处理,该系统在最适宜运行参数下表现出优异的除碳脱氮性能,出水经过芬顿试剂处理后满足污水综合排放二级标准。MABR系统对COD、NH⁺₄-N和TN的去除率分别达到79.30%、96.06%和75.61%。微生物分析表明MABR生物膜富集了丰富的功能菌群,Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)是生物膜中的优势菌群。阐明了MABR处理压裂返排液的技术可行性,为MABR在处理相关废水中的应用奠定了基础。