深海声速剖面对吊放声纳探测距离的影响研究

关于深海环境下声纳目标探测优化问题,针对传统吊放声纳的下放深度比较粗略,一般是在声道轴处上下一定的范围,并考虑目标可能的深度。简单地确定声纳探测深度,会严重减小声纳的有效搜索距离和搜索范围。利用射线模型仿真研究了深海中不同的声速剖面对吊放声纳探测距离的影响。通过分析深海不同声速剖面中的声传播特性,并对声纳、水声环境以及目标的模型化计算,利用射线模型仿真了几种不同声速剖面情况下吊放声纳的主动作用距离,最后分析了吊放声纳入水深度对深海目标主动作用距离的影响。仿真结果表明,改进方法可找到最佳的探测深度,并能够发挥声纳对目标探测性能,得到对不同环境下目标的最好探测。     

Effects of added Cd on Cd uptake by oilseed rape and pai-tsai co-cropping

The experiment was designed to study whether the decrease of Cd in the rhizosphere of Zhongyouza Ⅰ,one breed of oilseed rapes （Brassicajunica） that can hyperaccumulate cadmium from the soil, can improve the living condition of less Cd-tolerant plant pai-tsai （Brassia chinensis） with their roots permitted to intermingle and develop coincident rhizosphere. The extent of rhizosphere interactions between Zhongyouza Ⅰ and pai-tsai was controlled by different root barriers, or without barrier. The results show that in the 10 and 20 mg/kg Cd treated soils, pai-tsai gets higher shoot mass and less Cd accumulation in its shoot than in the barrier treatments or in the mono cultures, when its roots are permitted to intermingle with those of Zhongyouza Ⅰ. Meanwhile, soil decontamination rates of Zhongyouza Ⅰ are not affected much by co-cropping with pai-tsai, they are 80.0% and 91.8% of that in the mono cultures of Zhongyouza Ⅰ, respectively. However, the co-cropping method in meliorating the living condition of pai-tsai is not obvious when Cd concentration in soil reaches 40 mg/kg, and soil decontamination rate decreases to 0.14, which is 58.3% of that in the mono culture. These results indicate that the oilseed rape Zhongyouza Ⅰ may alleviate Cd toxicity of surrounding less-tolerant species, and its ability of phytoremediation is not affected much at the same time, especially in the middle polluted soil.     

从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究

本文介绍了从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究情况，采用酸浸-铜镉渣中和-锌粉除铜法处理铜镉渣，工艺简单合理，镉直收率高，有一定的推广价值。     

The Effect of Cadmium on GFR Is Clarified by Normalization of Excretion Rates to Creatinine Clearance

Erroneous conclusions may result from normalization of urine cadmium and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase concentrations ([Cd]_u and [NAG]_u) to the urine creatinine concentration ([cr]_u). In theory, the sources of these errors are nullified by normalization of excretion rates (E_Cd and E_NAG) to creatinine clearance (C_cr). We hypothesized that this alternate approach would clarify the contribution of Cd-induced tubular injury to nephron loss. We studied 931 Thai subjects with a wide range of environmental Cd exposure. For x = Cd or NAG, E_x/E_cr and E_x/C_cr were calculated as [x]_u/[cr]_u and [x]_u[cr]_p/[cr]_u, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR), and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m². In multivariable logistic regression analyses, prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for CKD were higher for log(E_Cd/C_cr) and log(E_NAG/C_cr) than for log(E_Cd/E_cr) and log(E_NAG/E_cr). Doubling of E_Cd/C_cr and E_NAG/C_cr increased POR by 132% and 168%; doubling of E_Cd/E_cr and E_NAG/E_cr increased POR by 64% and 54%. As log(E_Cd/C_cr) rose, associations of eGFR with log(E_Cd/C_cr) and log(E_NAG/C_cr) became stronger, while associations of eGFR with log(E_Cd/E_cr) and log(E_NAG/E_cr) became insignificant. In univariate regressions of eGFR on each of these logarithmic variables, R² was consistently higher with normalization to C_cr. Our tabular and graphic analyses uniformly indicate that normalization to C_cr clarified relationships of E_Cd and E_NAG to eGFR.     

金属陶瓷防腐蚀涂层替代镀镉或镉−钛工艺的研究

针对钢制零件采用镀镉、镀镉?钛工艺存在氢脆、镉脆风险及不利于环境保护的现状,研究采用涂覆IPcote9183或IPcote9183+IPseal9184形成金属陶瓷防腐蚀涂层(MCAC)的替代工艺。对比结果表明:上述2种金属陶瓷涂层的氢脆性和耐蚀性优于镉及镉?钛镀层,其他性能相当,能够完全替代它们应用于起落架钢制零件的表面防护。     

Cardioinotropic Effects in Subchronic Intoxication of Rats with Lead and/or Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles

Subchronic intoxication was induced in outbred male rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections with lead oxide (PbO) and/or cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) 3 times a week during 6 weeks for the purpose of examining its effects on the contractile characteristics of isolated right ventricle trabeculae and papillary muscles in isometric and afterload contractions. Isolated and combined intoxication with these NPs was observed to reduce the mechanical work produced by both types of myocardial preparation. Using the in vitro motility assay, we showed that the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments drops under both isolated and combined intoxication with CdO–NP and PbO–NP. These results correlate with a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms towards slowly cycling β–MHC. The type of CdO–NP + PbO–NP combined cardiotoxicity depends on the effect of the toxic impact, the extent of this effect, the ratio of toxicant doses, and the degree of stretching of cardiomyocytes and muscle type studied. Some indices of combined Pb–NP and CdO–NP cardiotoxicity and general toxicity (genotoxicity included) became fully or partly normalized if intoxication developed against background administration of a bioprotective complex.     

赣西浒坑钨矿床成矿岩体的磷灰石和锆石微量元素特征及其对成岩成矿的指示

赣西地区浒坑钨矿是我国华南钨、锡、铜多金属成矿区与中生代岩浆活动密切相关的典型矿床之一。对浒坑钨矿床中与成矿有关的白云母花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、磷灰石和锆石原位微量元素研究,结果表明：赋矿白云母花岗岩的成岩时代为（152.3±1.73）Ma;磷灰石具有特殊的“M”型REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式,富F和Mn,贫Cl和Mg;锆石具有高Th/U比值,REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式亏损LREE、富集HREE。锆石微量元素（Ce、U和Ti）温度计和氧逸度计结果表明,锆石形成于岩浆早期高温（800 ℃）和低氧逸度条件下。研究认为,浒坑赋矿花岗岩在演化初期经历了强烈的矿物结晶分异,矿床的形成可能与还原性高分异岩浆演化相关。     

湿法炼锌制镉碱渣综合回收实践

采用高温高酸氧化浸出工艺对湿法炼锌粗镉生产过程产出的制镉碱渣进行处理。通过“电解液+锰粉氧化浸出”与“电解液直接浸出”制镉碱渣小试工艺试验对比,获得高温高酸氧化浸出的工艺参数为：浸出温度85~90 ℃、浸出时间8 h以上、液固质量比~4 g/g,锌、镉高温高酸氧化浸出率分别达到96.88%、95.35%。通过工业化实践,将某锌冶炼厂长期堆存的制镉碱渣有效处理,实现锌、镉等有价金属的回收,提高金属回收率,同时避免含隔渣长期堆存带来的环保风险,具有较好的经济和环境效益。     

Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements (Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb) in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCl. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCl and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the deter- mination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 μg?g?1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.