Evaluation of trace element contamination using Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 (Crustacea,Isopoda) as a tool: An ultrastructural study

To estimate trace element bioaccumulation in Armadillo officinalis, specimens were collected from Ghar El Melh lagoon then exposed for 3 weeks in contaminated sediments with copper, zinc, and cadmium. From the first week until the end of the experiment, a decrease in A. officinalis growth related to the increase of Cd concentration in the sediment was recorded. However, a mass gain was highlighted under Cu and Zn exposures. At the end of experiment, body metal concentrations were measured using flame atomic emission spectrometry. Results of the bioaccumulation factor showed that the species could be considered as a macroconcentrator of copper (BAF > 2) and a deconcentrator of zinc (BAF < 2). Microscopy observations of hepatopancreas cells showed morphological and histological changes even at the lowest concentration. They consisted in the microvillus border destruction, lipid droplets modifications, trace element accumulation, and the condensation of the majority of cellular organelles. The degree of these alterations was found to be dose‐dependent. Through these results, the isopod A. officinalis could be used as relevant monitor organisms for soil metal contamination.     

微波消解—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镉的含量

研究了利用硝酸作消解试剂微波消解饲料,在赶剩余酸和氮氧化物过程中,添加1~3 mL氢氟酸除去饲料中的硅,得到清澈消解溶液。磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镉的含量,结果表明,该法准确度较高,效果良好。     

厌氧生化处理技术深度除铜的试验研究及工程应用

通过对重金属废水的前期试验研究结果[1],采用厌氧生化技术针对重金属废水痕量铜的试验研究,试验结果显示当原水痕量铜离子浓度低于2.5 mg/L时,经过厌氧生化处理后铜离子浓度低于0.3 mg/L。推广到实际工程应用,结果证明,该技术应用非常成功,从2013年起至今,工程运行结果稳定,运行费用低,当原水铜浓度低于2.0 mg/L时,出水铜离子浓度可以达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900-2008)水污染物排放标准表3标准,即低于0.3 mg/L,该技术具有处理效率高,难受冲击负荷高,应用范围广,处理成本低等优点,具有非常大的实际推广意义。     

封闭王水溶解联合ICP-MS法测定地质样品中痕量金

探讨了采用封闭王水溶解联合电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量金的方法。经实验验证,本方法不仅能显著提高金的溶出度,而且操作简便、快速、结果可靠。尤其适用于地质样品中痕量金含量的测定。     

一种微量元素螯合铜盐的制备研究

利用乙二胺四乙酸和乙二胺四乙酸二钠对微量元素铜进行了螯合试验,试验结果表明,最佳螯合条件为:温度80~100℃,反应时间1~1.5 h,螯合剂与Cu2+摩尔比为1∶1,该条件下螯合率达98%以上,螯合物在180℃时性状稳定。此外,定性实验结果表明反应液中不存在游离态的Cu2+,说明螯合剂与Cu2+完全螯合。确立了最佳工艺和制备技术,并讨论了温度、螯合比等条件对螯合反应的影响。     

差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定中药材样品中的铜铅镉

用差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法同时测定了8种中药材样品中铜、铅、镉的含量,它们的溶出电位依次是-0.15 V、-0.45 V、-0.65 V;铜、铅浓度在4.0×10-10~1.0×10-7g/mL范围内与峰电流呈线性关系,线性回归方程分别为y=378.84x(R2=0.9985)、y=661.96x(R2=0.9937)(x为浓度,单位10-6g/mL),镉浓度在4.0×10-10~8.0×10-7g/mL范围内与峰电流呈线性关系,回归方程为y=588.72x(R2=0.9963)(x为浓度,单位10-6g/mL),其检出限依次为1.0×10-11g/mL、1.8×10-11g/mL、1.0×10-11g/mL。此方法用于中草药样品中铜、铅、镉的测定,其回收率依次为88.06%、105.74%,、104.54%,方法简便,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠。     

碲化镉溶液中无机痕量杂质成分分析标准物质研制

本文研制了2 mg/g碲化镉(CdTe)溶液中无机痕量杂质成分分析的5种标准物质,每种包含21种杂质元素,浓度分别为0、1、2、4、8 ng/g。通过辉光放电质谱(GD-MS)法对CdTe原料纯度进行测量,筛选得到纯度>99.999%的高纯原料;使用HCl-HNO₃混酸将其溶解,再根据成分设计定量添加杂质元素,制备得到标准物质候选物。建立了基体匹配-内标校正-电感耦合等离子体质谱法用于标准物质定值与均匀性、稳定性检验,采用标准物质EB507验证方法可靠性。对包装容器溶出进行考察,以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)作为包装容器可满足要求。采用建立的方法对全部元素进行检验,结果表明,标准物质均匀性以及长、短期稳定性良好,有效期12个月。通过8家实验室联合定值的方式,对标准物质中21种元素进行定值,以算数平均值作为标准值,并对不确定度进行全面、系统地评估。该系列基体标准物质填补了国内外空白,对于验证测量方法的可靠性、确保测量结果的一致性与溯源性具有重要作用。     

Physiological and behavioral responses of Orchestia gammarellus (Amphipoda,Talitridae) towards trace elements contamination soil

Effects of trace elements on the hepatopancreas ultrastructure and on the locomotor activity rhythm were investigated in the amphipod talitrid Orchestia gammarellus collected from Bizerte lagoon banks situated in the north of Tunisia. Animals were exposed to a series of contaminated soil with different concentrations of cadmium and zinc. The locomotor activity rhythm was studied under constant darkness. Histopathological analysis showed that the trace elements, especially the Cd, induced significant changes in the morphology and in the ultrastructural organization of hepatopancreatic cells. The significant alterations obtained were dose dependent. Concerning the behavioral response, results revealed the presence of two components whatever the experimental conditions. In addition, a great inter-individual variability of the locomotor rhythm was observed. Patterns were in majority bimodal for the control individuals and became unimodal and multimodal when exposed under Cd and Zn, respectively. Furthermore, ultradian and circadian periods were determined. The circadian period lengthened after Zn exposure. In addition, the locomotor activity rhythm was more stable for control individuals. However, those exposed to Cd were less active.     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法鉴别双组分丙烯酸汽车清漆

为了提高微量物证鉴定中对双组分丙烯酸汽车清漆的鉴别能力,采用裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC/MS)检测该类清漆,并考察该方法在鉴定实践中的适用性。该方法的重现性好,丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆3个裂解单体的相对峰面积的日内RSD不大于5.3%,日间RSD不大于10.6%。应用该方法对6种丙烯酸氨基树脂汽车清漆样品及一例微量物证案件送检样品进行检测,结果表明,裂解气相色谱-质谱法对双组分丙烯酸汽车清漆的鉴别能力优于红外光谱法。在微量物证鉴定实践中,需要根据检材量酌情使用此方法,并注意“先无损后有损”的检验顺序。     

Real-time data acquisition incorporating high-speed software correlator for single-molecule spectroscopy

Single-molecule spectroscopy and detection are powerful techniques for the study of single fluorescent particles and their interaction with their environment. We present a low-cost system for simultaneous real-time acquisition, storage of inter-photon arrival times and the calculation and display of the fluorescence time trace, autocorrelation function and distribution of delays histogram for single-molecule experiments. From a hardware perspective, in addition to a multi-core computer, only a standard low-cost counting board is required as processing is software-based. Software is written in a parallel programming environment with time crucial operations coded in ANSI-C. Crucial to system performance is a simple and efficient real-time autocorrelation algorithm (acf) optimized for the count rates (approximately 10⁴ cps) encountered in single-molecule experiments. The algorithm's time complexity is independent of temporal resolution, which is maintained at all time delays. The system and algorithm's performance was validated by duplicating the signal from the photon detector and sending it to both the ordinary counter board and a commercial correlator simultaneously. The data acquisition system's robustness under typical single-molecule experimental conditions was tested by observing the diffusion of Rhodamine 6G molecules in deionized water.