Preparation of γ-linolenic acid rich triacylglycerol from borage oil via a two-step lipase-catalyzed reaction

γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) rich triacylglycerol (TAG) was successfully synthesized from glyceride, instead of glycerol, and fatty acid (FA) via Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed esterification as a novel strategy. In the first step, GLA was enriched into glyceride fraction from borage oil by Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis. The glyceride was separated from the reaction mixture by molecular distillation. GLA was enriched from 20.64% in borage oil to 45.94% in the glyceride fraction under optimum conditions. In the second step, the Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed synthesis of TAG was carried out with the glyceride, and the FA obtained by saponification of a portion of the glyceride. The optimum conditions were the temperature of 50°C, the enzyme loading of 10%, and the vacuum level of 20 mmHg, respectively. The maximum TAG content of approximately 92% was achieved after 12 h under the optimum conditions.     

Milk triglycerides from dairy cows abomasally infused with increasing amounts of high-oleic sunflower fatty acids

The triglyceride composition of milk fat largely determines the manufacturing characteristics of products containing milk fat. Increasing oleic acid content of milk fat might be desirable for human nutrition and also for butter and whipping cream, among other product applications. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of increasing intestinally available oleic acid (provided via abomasal infusion) on the profile of milk triglycerides. A control and 4 increasing doses of free fatty acids from high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFA) were infused into the abomasum of 4 lactating dairy cows in a changeover experimental design with periods of 7 d. Treatments were (1) control (no fatty acids infused), (2) HOSFA (250 g/d), (3) HOSFA (500 g/d), (4) HOSFA (750 g/d), and (5) HOSFA (1,000 g/d). All treatments included meat solubles and Tween 80 as emulsifiers. Infusion of HOSFA increased oleic acid and decreased short- and medium-chain fatty acids in milk fat. Statistical analysis of results showed linear changes in most of the milk triglycerides analyzed. The most significant changes as the result of increasing HOSFA infusion were a decrease in triglycerides with saturated fatty acids (butyrin-caprylin-palmitin, butyrin-laurin-olein, butyrin-myristin-palmitin, butyrin-palmitin-palmitin, caproin-myristin-palmitin, butyrin-palmitin-stearin, caproin-palmitin-palmitin) and an increase in dioleyl triglycerides (with butyric, lauric, myristic and palmitic acids) and triolein. The synthesis of triglyceride is position-specific and does not follow a random distribution model.     

核桃油组分及其在氧化过程中的变化研究进展

旨在为核桃油氧化机制和抗氧化研究提供参考，综述了核桃油中脂肪酸、甘油三酯、主要微量伴随物、挥发性成分及其在核桃油氧化过程中的变化情况。核桃油氧化除了受到外界因素如温度、光照和包装等的影响，与其本身组分关系密切，如脂肪酸组成、甘油三酯组分和内源性微量伴随物，可通过品种选育、优化加工工艺、添加活性成分、改进包装形式等方式来延缓核桃油的氧化。     

Atglistatin对棕榈酸诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖及ATGL表达的影响

目的：通过构建棕榈酸（PA）诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）的增殖模型，初步探讨脂肪代谢关键酶脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL）对于VSMC表型转化的影响。方法：在给予不同浓度的PA（分别为50 μmol/L、100 μmol/L、200 μmol/L）诱导的VSMC的增殖模型中加入40 μmol/L Atglistatin，然后通过CCK-8、EDU检测细胞活力及细胞的增殖情况；通过划痕实验检测细胞的迁移能力；通过油红染色检测VSMC中的脂滴的累积情况；通过Western blot检测ATGL以及平滑肌收缩表型蛋白的影响。结果：100 μmol/L浓度的PA可以明显诱导VSMC的增殖，促进VSMC的吞脂，使VSMC的脂滴堆积增加；同时，Atglistatin可以加剧PA导致的VSMC的增殖迁移，并增加VSMC的脂滴堆积。 结论：Atglistatin可以加剧PA诱导的VSMC的增殖，增加VSMC的脂滴堆积，并加剧VSMC的增殖表型的转变。