Styrenated sunflower oil polymers from raft process for coating application

Oil-based macroinitiator (MI) obtained from sunflower oil was styrenated using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) in the presence of phenacyl morpholine dithiocarbamate (PMDC) as chain transfer agent. The solvent effect and effect of the molar ratio of the transfer agent, PMDC, on polydispersity and molecular weight of the polymers were investigated. The obtained results showed that, 1,4-dioxane is a better solvent and 1/4 molar ratio of [MI]/[PMDC] provides relatively low polydispersities. No homopolystyrene was detected under these conditions, indicating the efficiency of PMDC in the chain transfer process. Livingness of the polymerization process was confirmed by chain extension with styrene using the preformed polymer as macrotransfer agent. The film properties of styrenated oil samples were determined according to the related standards. To improve film properties, the polymer obtained by RAFT technique was modified by reaction with MI. The resulting material gave transparent films with good film properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Inhibitory effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L extract on low‐density lipoprotein oxidation and anti‐hyperlipidemia in fructose‐fed and cholesterol‐fed rats

Hibiscus sabdariffa L extract (HSE) is an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L flowers that is used as a local soft drink and medical herb in Taiwan. Oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) has been shown to increase the incidence of atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the antioxidative activity of HSE on LDL oxidation by examining relative electrophoretic mobilities (REM) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). The data revealed an inhibitory effect of HSE on Cu²⁺‐mediated REM and TBARS. HSE exhibited a remarkable ability to reduce cholesterol degradation and ApoB fragmentation. Overall, HSE showed a high potency to inhibit the production of oxidized LDL induced by copper and, specifically, to reduce serum triglycerides in high‐fructose diet (HFD) fed rats and serum cholesterol in high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) fed animals. The levels of LDL and the ratio of LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) to HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) were reduced by HSE in both hyperlipidaemia models. Based on these findings, we suggest that HSE may be used to inhibit LDL oxidation and to prevent various types of hyperlipidaemia in HFD‐ or HCD‐fed rats. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

一种新型的减肥食用油--二甘油酯及其生理功能

主要介绍了由天然脂肪酸与甘油合成得到一种合80％二甘油酯(DAG)的减肥食用油及其生理功能。该油中的DAG有70％为1，3—DAG，经消化后成1(或3)—单甘油酯，这种产物在小肠的黏液中难以重新合成三甘油酯(TAG)。且能增加肝脏内β—氧化酶的活性和氧的利用，从而长期摄入DAG油能防止肥胖症、高血脂、脂肪肝和糖尿病的产生。     

食用植物油鉴伪研究进展

近年来,食用植物油掺假问题引起了社会的广泛关注。本文通过收集相关的文献资料,对我国食用油鉴伪的研究进展进行了阐述,简要介绍了食用植物油掺假的现状,从食用植物油的组分包括脂肪酸、甘油三酯、甾醇、维生素E、挥发性成分以及其他成分和整体特征差异两个方向综述了目前植物油鉴伪的国内外研究进展,并对食用植物油鉴伪的研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

Effects of slow-release insulin on production,liver triglyceride,and metabolic profiles of Holsteins in early lactation

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether there is a dose of slow-release insulin (SRI) that decreases concentrations of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver triglyceride (TG) without decreasing plasma glucose concentration, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield. Forty-three Holsteins weighting 765 +/- 70 kg with body condition score of 3.29 +/- 0.25 (mean +/- SD) were fed for ad libitum consumption of the same diet from 2 wk before parturition through 6 d postpartum. Cows were blocked according to actual calving date and parity and then assigned randomly to intramuscular injection of a single dose of 0, 0.14, 0.29, or 0.43 IU of SRI per kilogram of body weight (BW) on d 3 postpartum. On the day of injection, cows were fed hourly to minimize fluctuations in blood hormones and metabolites due to feed intake pattern. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheter every hour from 0 to 24 h and every 6 h from 24 to 48 h postinjection. Pre- and postinjection period liver samples were taken on d 2 and 5 postpartum. One cow injected with 0.29 and two cows injected with 0.43 IU of SRI per kilogram of BW could not complete the trial due to severe hypoglycemia (< 20 mg/dl). Both DMI and milk yield during d 3 to 5 postpartum tended to increase quadratically by increasing dose of SRI. Concentrations of serum insulin and glucagon increased linearly, concentration of plasma glucose decreased linearly, and concentrations of plasma NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased quadratically from 0 to 24 h postinjection by increasing dose of SRI. Serum insulin concentrations remained higher in cows injected with SRI (CISRI) than in cows injected with sterile water (CISW; 0 IU of SRI/kg of BW), the quadratic effect of SRI on plasma NEFA concentration continued, and the linear effect of SRI on plasma glucose concentration diminished from 24 to 48 h postinjection. Concentration of hepatic TG for CISRI tended to be lower than for CISW, and increasing dose of SRI quadratically decreased hepatic accumulation of TG. Increasing dose of SRI tended to increase concentration of hepatic glycogen (GLY) quadratically and decreased the ratio of TG to GLY quadratically. In conclusion, a low dose of SRI (0.14 IU/kg of BW) could be considered for prophylactic use against hepatic lipidosis and ketosis.     

Stability determination of soy lecithin-based emulsions by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The stability of soy lecithin-stabilized emulsions was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Oilin-water (o/w) emulsions were prepared with 6% (vol/vol) medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), 94% (vol/vol) water, and 4% (wt/vol) Lecigran and Lecimulthin soy lecithin. There were little or no differences between the 4% Lecigran and 4% Lecimulthin emulsions for all vibrational regions studied (OH at 3348 cm⁻¹, C=O at 1741 cm⁻¹, PO and C−O−C at 1157 cm⁻¹, and P−O−C at 1101 cm⁻¹), but the control emulsion, without emulsifier, had increased vibrations as the emulsion separated. The weaker vibrations of the more stable emulsions were probably due to reduced molecular interaction at the interface. However, added magnesium or calcium chloride enhanced the vibration of these groups, probably by disrupting the lecithin interaction at the emulsion interface.     

日月丹胶囊对大鼠心血管药效学的影响

目的: 探讨日月丹胶囊对心血管药效学的影响。方法: 采用高胆固醇大鼠模型, 观察日月丹胶囊灌胃 7 d 后对大鼠血清胆固醇、 甘油三酯等影响; 采用大鼠尾容积法, 观测日月丹胶囊灌胃给药 7 d后大鼠血压的改变; 拉颈处死大鼠, 分离动静脉, 接通导管, 观察给药前后洛氏液下滴的滴数;采用小鼠灌胃法测定日月丹胶囊的最大耐受量。结果: 日月丹胶囊高、低剂量组的血清胆固醇与 NS 组比较, 有非常显著性差异(P <0.001); 甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白与NS 组比有显著性差异(P <0.05); 给药后的大鼠血压与 NS 组比较呈显著性差异(P <0.01)。 结论: 日月丹胶囊具有降血压、降血清胆固醇、甘油三酯等作用。     

GC/MS分析纸浆及沉积树脂中脂肪酸组成

本文用色谱-质谱联用分析了纸浆及其沉积物的树脂中的脂肪酸成分。结果表明:纸浆中脂肪酸成分主要是油酸、9,11-十八碳二烯酸和软脂酸。沉积树脂的脂肪配成分基本上与之相同。纸浆中甘油三酸酯的脂肪酸的主要成分是油酸和软脂酸。纸浆中的甘油三酸酯是导致制浆造纸过程中产生树脂障碍的主要有害成分之一。