Wax esters and triglycerides as storage substances in seeds of Buxus sempervirens

The seeds of the evergreen Buxus‐tree, Buxus sempervirens, contain a yellowish oil which represents up to 42% of the dry weight. The oil consists, in comparison to the lipids of jojoba fruits (Simmondsia chinensis), of only 3.6% wax esters. 95% of the oil consist of triglycerides, the typical storage substances of oil fruits. Phospholipids occur with 0.4% and glycolipids with 0.13%. The fatty acid patterns of these lipids correspond to the typical fatty acid compositions of the respective lipid classes. In the wax esters monoenoic fatty acids and saturated fatty acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms prevail. The glycolipid and phospholipid fractions are characterized by a high portion of dienoic and monoenoic as well as saturated fatty acids having 16 and 18 carbon acids.     

氢化大豆油和反刍动物油脂中甘油三酯和磷脂反式脂肪酸的位置分布

以氢化大豆油和反刍动物脂质为研究对象,采用Folch法提取油脂,氨丙基硅胶固相萃取小柱分离出油脂中的甘油三酯和磷脂,利用Sn-1,3专一性脂肪酶作用甘油三酯得到Sn-2甘油一酯和游离脂肪酸,磷脂酶A2作用磷脂得到游离脂肪酸和Sn-1溶血磷脂,并通过气相色谱分析2种不同来源油脂反式脂肪酸在甘油三酯和磷脂中的含量和位置分布情况。结果表明,反式脂肪酸占氢化大豆油甘油三酯总脂肪酸的41.466%,占反刍动物油脂甘油三酯总脂肪酸的2.451%~3.179%。反式脂肪酸在氢化大豆油甘油三酯中主要分布在Sn-2位,而在反刍动物油脂甘油三酯中主要分布在Sn-1,3位,在反刍动物油脂磷脂中则易分布在Sn-1上。不同来源的反式脂肪酸的膳食摄入量及其在甘油三酯中的位置分布不同,可能是导致不同来源反式脂肪酸对人体健康影响差异的原因。     

响应面优化酶法酯交换催化合成中长链结构甘三酯

采用响应面法对脂肪酶Lipozyme 435在无溶剂体系中催化中链甘三酯(MCT)和大豆油酯交换反应合成中长链甘三酯的反应条件进行优化,并采用超高压液相色谱-飞行时间质谱在正离子模式下对反应产物的甘三酯构型进行分析。结果表明:反应温度和反应时间对中长链甘三酯含量具有极显著性影响(P0.01)。最佳反应条件为大豆油与MCT质量比60∶40,反应时间4.36 h,反应温度89℃,加酶量(以底物质量计)5.5%。在此条件下,中长链甘三酯含量达到84.15%。CyCyL、CyCyLn、LOCy、LPCy、OOCy和LOCa为反应产物的主要甘三酯构型。     

High-oil-load encapsulation of medium-chain triglycerides and D-limonene mixture in modified starch by spray drying

Oil mixtures of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and D-limonene in mixing ratios from 10 to 100 wt% were encapsulated in modified starch (wall material) by spray drying to produce oil-rich powders. The oil load (mass ratio of oil mixture to wall material) of the infeed emulsion markedly influenced the properties of the infeed liquid and the characteristics of the resulting powder. The viscosity of the infeed liquid and the particle size of the powder exponentially decreased with increasing oil load, while the emulsion droplet size in the infeed liquid increased. In addition, retention of D-limonene during spray drying also decreased markedly with increasing oil load. Irrespective of the different oil loads and concentrations of the wall material, D-limonene retention was well correlated with the emulsion droplet diameter of the infeed liquid. The encapsulation efficiency of the oil mixture exhibited a maximum value (almost 100%) at an oil load between 0.5 and 1.0, before decreasing at higher oil loads. At an oil load of 2.0, the encapsulation efficiency of D-limonene was reduced to almost zero, while around 40% of the initial MCT was encapsulated in the powder. The increase in oil load also led to increased amounts of surface oil of MCT and D-limonene in the resulting powder due to the increasing emulsion droplet diameter of the infeed liquids. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study proposes the microencapsulation of medium-chain triglycerides under high-oil-load conditions by spray drying. The powders prepared by this process provide significant benefits in terms of rapid energy conversion after consumption without accumulation in the body. Important quality factors of the powder products such as the encapsulation efficiency and the amount of surface oil were examined to understand the optimum process conditions for spray drying.     

超临界CO_2酶法合成低热量三酰甘油工艺条件的优化

研究了在超临界CO2状态下酶法酯化合成长短链脂肪酸三酰甘油的工艺条件,选用脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM,以酯化率为参考指标,通过单因素试验考察反应压力、反应温度、反应时间、体系水分添加量、酶用量和底物物质的量比对酯化率的影响,再通过响应面对工艺条件进行优化,结果:反应压力11 MPa、反应温度56℃、反应时间15 h、体系水分添加量2.5%、酶用量4%、底物物质的量比3∶1。在此最佳工艺条件下进行酯交换试验,测得产品的酯化率为65.3%,且此法制得的三酰甘油热量值较普通葵花油降低了大约50%。     

精炼工艺对大豆油中微量物质变化的影响研究

植物油的精炼过程在除去不利于油脂稳定性的游离脂肪酸、过氧化物和磷脂及其他影响食用安全和油脂品质的物质同时,也造成油脂中微量营养物质的损失,以及一些新的有害物质的生成。研究了国内5个厂家的大豆油在精炼过程中微量物质的含量变化。结果发现,精炼后大豆油中生育酚及甾醇含量显著降低,分别由26.0~37.4 mg/100 g、402.75~841.92 mg/kg降为15.3~31.3mg/100 g、291.90~372.50 mg/kg,同时反式脂肪酸、聚合甘油三酯、缩水甘油酯含量分别提高到0.23%~1.85%、0.220%~0.738%、0.40%~2.94%。对精炼各工序中微量物质的含量进行显著性分析发现,除甾醇主要是在碱炼工序损失外,生育酚、反式脂肪酸、聚合甘油三酯及缩水甘油酯变化最显著均在脱臭工序。同时还考察了不同厂家各工序段的工艺参数,以期阐明大豆油精炼过程中微量物质的变化规律,为植物油适度精炼工艺的改进提供依据。