热带海岛地区多种围护结构隔热构造做法应用性能研究

以海南省一典型居住建筑为对象,分析多种围护结构做法的热工性能及构造做法对建筑能耗的影响。结果表明,热带海岛地区较常使用的通风屋面由于气流堵塞已不能满足隔热节能要求,应在空气间层上方铺设泡沫玻璃或泡沫混凝土隔热层。蒸压加气混凝土隔热性能显著,建筑内表面最高温度可保持在35．59℃的较低水平．隔热反射涂料可有效降低建筑空调能耗。     

Monitoring wind effects of a landfall typhoon on a 600 m high skyscraper

This article presents the observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and wind effects on a 600 m high skyscraper during a landfall typhoon. Wind structure and characteristics throughout the entire ABL are presented and discussed based on records from a Doppler radar wind profiler and near-ground measurements at several meteorological stations. Wind speed profiles with the feature of low-level jets and radial-distance and exposure dependences of gradient height are stressed. Afterwards, wind-induced pressures on building surfaces of the skyscraper are investigated with highlights on non-Gaussian probability distributions of negative pressures and vortex shedding occurred alternately at two sides of the building. The structural responses measured by both accelerometers and strain gauges are analyzed subsequently. Modal parameters of the skyscraper and their dependence on response amplitude are presented and discussed. This study aims to provide useful information for the wind-resistant design of skyscrapers in tropic cyclone-prone regions.     

基于地域的景观温室热带雨林展示区 景观设计

通过对原生热带雨林景观特征的研究以及中国3个 以植物原生境为展示特色的植物园景观温室热带雨林展示区的 调查研究,发现景观温室设计上对雨林原生状态景观的表现存 在雨林类型呈现不完全、地域性不足、整体性不明显等问题。 在世界热带雨林各分布区地域特征分析的基础上,提出景观温 室热带雨林展示区以非洲雨林群系、美洲雨林群系以及印度- 马来雨林群系作为主题。从不同地域主题出发,从地形、土 壤、水体、文化、植物等景观要素的设置上进行景观设计,旨 在展现不同雨林群系的地域特色,为景观温室热带雨林展示区 景观设计提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定菠菜、苹果及大豆中二硝基苯胺类除草剂残留量

以菠菜、苹果和大豆为代表性分析物,建立了超高效液相色谱 串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测蔬菜、水果及粮谷等植物源性食品中8种二硝基苯胺类除草剂（氟乐灵、二甲戊乐灵、仲丁灵、异乐灵、磺乐灵、氨基乙氟灵、氨磺乐灵和氨基丙氟灵）的残留量。采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,并使用外标法定量。结果表明：8种二硝基苯胺类除草剂的测定低限均为10 μg/kg;在添加水平10~200 μg/kg范围内,加标回收率为70.0%～120%,相对标准偏差为0.56%～23.0%。该方法灵敏、有效,适用于蔬菜、水果和粮谷等植物源性食品中二硝基苯胺类除草剂多残留的测定。     

一段炉转化管热带现象原因分析及处理

针对转化管出现的热带(超温)现象,结合一段炉的运行数据,从转化管改薄壁管、催化剂活性降低、催化剂结炭等方面进行分析与探讨,并采取一系列的操作优化及烧炭处理,避免了装置的停车,保证了系统的长周期稳定运行。     

果蔬中常见有机磷和有机氯农药残留量分析

随着社会的发展和科技的进步,人们越来越关注自身的生活质量和食品健康。近几年农作物农药的过度使用问题引起了各界的关注,虽然有些剧毒农药被相关部门禁止使用,但是人们食用的果蔬中的农药残留量的多少成为了关注的焦点。本文使用电子俘获检测器和火焰光度检测器对几种常见的但是已经被禁用的几种农药进行有机氯和有机磷的气相色谱分析,以求得到抽测果蔬中相关的农药残留信息,以检测这几种被禁止使用的农药是否有违规使用的现象。     

The Extractable and Bound Condensed Tannin Content of Leaves from Tropical Tree,Shrub and Forage Legumes

The extractable, protein-bound and fibre-bound condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in the leaves of tropical legumes grown in both Colombia and Northern Australia were determined by the butanol–HCl method, whilst extractable CT was also determined by the vanillin–HCl method. With the exception of Senna siamea all species contained CT. The very high CT concentration found in many plants growing in Colombia may have been partly due to soil fertility being much lower at the Colombian than the Northern Australian site. Acacia boliviana , Arachis pintoi , Centrosema latidens , Senna velutina and Gliricidia sepium contained <55 g total CT kg⁻¹ DM, which suggests that they could comprise a reasonable proportion of ruminant diets. All other species grown in South America contained 100–240 g CT kg⁻¹ DM, which suggests that they should only be fed in small amounts as supplements to dilute the CT concentration. Leucaena species and Calliandra calothyrsus grown in Northern Australia contained intermediate concentrations of total CT (60–90 g kg⁻¹ DM). Most species contained 70–95% of total CT as extractable CT, with the exception of Flemingia macrophylla , where 60% was extractable and 40% bound, and Gliricidia sepium , where almost all the CT was bound to protein. Values for Flemingia macrophylla differed between accessions. Extractable CT determined with vanillin–HCl was generally higher than extractable CT determined with butanol–HCl. Three accessions showed negligible (<1 g kg⁻¹ DM) extractable CT with butanol–HCl but 10–12 g extractable CT kg⁻¹ DM with vanillin–HCl. Two accessions showed undetectable levels of extractable CT but substantial levels of protein-bound CT, illustrating the importance of using a bound CT method for identifying forages containing CT. Relative to freeze drying, oven drying of Leucaena species reduced the concentration of extractable CT and increased concentrations of bound CT. The significance of the results for the nutrition of ruminant livestock are discussed, including the possible roles of protein-bound and fibre-bound CT.     

果蔬色泽在热加工和非热加工技术中的变化研究进展

色泽是果蔬十分重要的表观属性,与果蔬本身含有的天然色素高度相关,是判断其品质是否发生变化的重要指标之一。热加工以及非热加工技术广泛应用于果蔬产品的加工。传统果蔬加工技术以热力去皮、热烫、碱液去皮、干燥、油炸等热加工技术为主,加工中使用的高温易对果蔬的色泽品质造成不可逆转的影响。近年来,新型热加工和非热加工技术逐渐被探索,酶法去皮、红外线、超声波、脉冲电场、高压处理、低温等离子体等非热加工技术在果蔬加工维持色泽方面起到了积极的作用。然而目前综合两种加工技术对果蔬加工产品色泽影响的讨论和对比研究较少,明确各法的原理、使用条件、工艺参数及优缺点对于加工高质量的果蔬产品具有重要意义。因此该研究概述了各色素的结构特征以及理化特性,归纳和比较了热加工与非热加工技术的关键技术点和对果蔬色泽稳定性的影响,讨论了影响果蔬色泽的关键因素,最后对果蔬在加工过程中的应对的挑战提出了有关建议,以期为热加工与非热加工技术对果蔬的护色应用提供指导。     

基于模糊控制的智能减压气调果蔬保鲜系统设计

采用模糊控制技术,建立了负压、温度和湿度模糊控制器和控制规则,采用遗传算法优化了模糊控制规则,设计了一种模糊智能减压气调保鲜控制系统和模糊控制算法流程及程序.用所研制的模糊智能减压气调保鲜控制系统进行了保鲜实验.黄瓜经37d连续减压保鲜后,成品率95%以上,豆角经90d连续减压保鲜后,成品率96%以上.实验结果证明,减压气调保鲜技术有效,模糊控制效果好.     

壳聚糖对果蔬的抗菌保鲜效果及其应用研究进展

由于采后旺盛的生理代谢, 新鲜水果和蔬菜会出现品质劣变, 采取有效的抗菌保鲜策略是果蔬采后贮藏过程亟待解决的问题。天然大分子壳聚糖作为果蔬的活性包装材料具有来源广泛、安全和可生物降解等优点。本文综述了近年来壳聚糖基涂层/膜用于果蔬保鲜包装的抗菌保鲜效果及其对果蔬品质的影响, 首先介绍了壳聚糖的来源及应用特点以及制备壳聚糖薄膜材料的常用方法, 然后综述了壳聚糖及其与其他生物活性材料复合使用在果蔬保鲜中的应用, 并总结了使用壳聚糖基涂层/膜保鲜对果蔬外观品质、营养品质、挥发性香气物质等方面的影响; 最后, 对壳聚糖在果蔬抑菌保鲜机制方面的研究进行归纳介绍, 以期为其未来发展和应用提供新的思路。