不同储藏条件对油菜籽生理活性的影响研究

以甘蓝型油菜籽为材料,研究了含水量(6.8％、8.3％、9.8％)、储藏温度(20℃、25℃、30 ℃、35℃)、储藏方式(充氮气调、常规密闭)等不同条件下油菜籽电导率、发芽率、发芽势等生理指标的变化,结果表明:在120 d期间,油菜籽电导率呈升高趋势,发芽率、发芽势呈降低趋势,其升高或降低幅度与储藏条件有关.在20℃、充氮条件下,含水量6.8％的油菜籽电导率数值低、升幅小,其发芽率高、降幅小.低水分、准低温(20℃)加充氮气调更能保持油菜籽的生理活性.     

响应面法优化油茶粕中茶皂素提取工艺

采用单因素实验结合响应面法,优化了从油茶粕中提取茶皂素的工艺参数。单因素实验最佳条件：乙醇体积分数为70%、提取时间为3 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4。在单因素的基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比为影响因子,以茶皂素提取得率作为响应值,进行3因素3水平响应面分析。结果表明：茶皂素最佳提取条件是乙醇体积分数为72%、提取时间为3.8 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4.5,提取得率预测值为14.54%,验证实测值为14.22%,与预测值相对误差为2.20%。     

Influence de la réfrigération et de la congélation sur la qualité et l'aptitude à la germination des graines

The high dehydration level of seeds provides them with an exceptional survival period, nevertheless seeds are living organs which can die. Refrigeration can prevent the germination of seeds which are destined for human or animal consumption or, on the contrary, produce germination in a required time. The article first describes some of the biological particularities of seeds which can be considered as survival or reproductive organs. As a survival organ, refrigeration can be used to preserve seeds to: Prevent germination: the storage of seeds of tropical and sub-tropical origin at +5°C: the maintenance of a cold and dry atmosphere for the bulk storage of seeds in silos. Prevent parasitic attack: a low temperature and low relative humidity to protect against bacterial or fungal growth: it is more difficult to combat insect invation. Protect product viability: the drier the seed and the lower the temperature, the longer the seed life. Refrigeration can also be used to facilitate germination by eliminating dormancy. It is already well known that humid cold promotes germination by eliminating embryonic dormancy (in general, from one to a few months at a temperature of about +5°C). Furthermore, good germination of ‘hard seeds’ (with teguments impermeable to water) can be obtained by immersing them in liquid nitrogen and repeating the operation if necessary.

Résumé

Les graines sont des organes très particuliers en ce sens qu'elles prérentent le plus souvent un état de déshydration très poussé. Les problèmes de stockage qui en résultent sont de ce fait très différents de ceux que l'on recontre généralement avec les autres produits végétaux. Les basses températures empêchent leur germination pendant la conservation, limitent les altérations dues aux parasites et prolongent leur durée de vie. La réfrigération et la congélation des graines ont permis la mise au point d'applications originales. Quelques graines ne peuvent germer qu'après un séjour au froid en milieu humide. Des graines imperméables à l'eau deviennent capables de germer facilement aprés traitement à très basse température (azote liquide).     

超临界CO_2萃取芹菜籽油研究

用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术对广东白芹菜籽进行了萃取研究。结果表明，萃取压力低于１５ＭＰａ时，较重的油树脂等成分难以被萃取出来；萃取温度为３０８Ｋ时对萃取最有利；解析温度对萃取效率影响较小；ＣＯ２流量对萃取效率的影响比床层高度引起的扩散阻力的影响大得多。超临界ＣＯ２萃取所得芹菜籽油品质优越，且其中的药用有效成分（３－正丁基－４，５－二氢苯并呋喃酮）含量比水汽法所得芹菜籽油的高五倍多。     

硅丙乳液的合成及其吸水性的研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为原料,分别采用半连续法、种子预乳化法和后添加VTES法制得了硅丙乳液。研究了聚合工艺对硅丙乳液的吸水率、冻融稳定性、钙离子稳定性等的影响。结果表明,采用半连续法和种子预乳化法制得的硅丙乳液,冻融稳定性比较好,经过冻融循环后可以复原;采用半连续法制得的乳胶膜的吸水率随着乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的用量的增加而降低;采用后添加VTES法制得的硅丙乳液,其吸水率则随VTES用量的增加而升高,冻融循环后发生破乳。     

几种纳米器件对种子发芽的影响

研究了几种纳米器件处理的活化水对不同种子发芽的影响，探讨了活化水处理时间对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数的变化。结果表明，几种纳米器件对水稻浸种均不同程度地提高了种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数，对种子的发芽产生了明显影响，在生产中可进一步试验推广应用。     

高支化含无机粒子的巯基硅氧烷溶胶的制备及结构表征

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型的多功能巯基硅氧烷溶胶,其结构用1H-NM R,FT-IR和M S进行了表征,巯基硅氧烷溶胶的无机粒子粒径大小与分布用小角度光散射仪(SALS)进行了测定。这种新型巯基硅氧烷溶胶能够提高改性亚麻籽油体系自由基聚合速率。     

Numerical simulation of flow field and optimization of structure parameters of seed precipitation tank for production of alumina

In order to overcome the defects of air-agitated seed precipitation, such as scaring, liquid shortcircuiting, the three-dimension flow fields with different structure are numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics software. Euler/Euler approach was used to study the effects of structure on the flow field in the tank. Multi-fluid model, body-fitted coordinates and multi-block gird were adopted in the simulation. The simulating results are well consonant with the practical situations. The flow field is improved obviously when the flow velocity increases from 0.089 m/s to 0.192-0.300 m/s at the bottom of the optimized tank and therefore the scaring is reduced greatly in the industrial production. With a gathering sill, the problem of short-circuiting, which always appeares in the upper of the tank, can be solved very well.     

防治管式降膜蒸发器结垢的生产实践

针对用于烧结法碳分母液蒸发的管式降膜蒸发器加热管结垢形成的原因,采取了相应的改进措施。改进后蒸发器的蒸发效率显著提高,蒸汽消耗明显降低。     

深度碳分技术在烧结法生产中的应用

本文通过剖析烧结法系统中影响氧化铝产量及成本的薄弱环节,指出碳分工序是影响烧结法经济指标的关键,从而提出了采用深度碳分技术来优化烧结法工艺,并阐述了该技术在氧化铝生产中实施的可行性。