Characterisation of natural organic matter from the Nordic typing project water samples by chemometric analysis of their near infrared spectral profiles

Natural organic matter (NOM) from nine different water sources located in the southern part of Norway selected for the “NOM typing project” was characterised by using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis.

The near infrared profiles of these NOM samples were corrected for multiple scattering effect and differentiated twice before subjecting them for multivariate data analysis. The preprocessed profiles were first subjected to multivariate calibration using partial least squares (PLS) technique against earlier determined values of four different biopolymer input (carbohydrates, N-acetyl amino sugars, proteins and polyhydroxy aromatics) of the NOM as dependent variables. The profiles were then classified using principal component analysis (PCA).

The PLS calibration models obtained demonstrate that the biopolymer input of the NOM samples can be predicted with acceptable precision.

The PCA reveals that the samples fall into three different groups. This classification agrees with earlier classifications carried out by using variables that were determined by alternative expensive and time-consuming analytical techniques.     

厚层复杂岩性油藏的储层精细表征及对开发的影响——以渤海湾石臼坨地区A油田沙一、沙二段油藏为例

渤海湾石臼坨地区A油田沙一、沙二段油藏是近年来少见的海上复杂岩性、高产厚层油藏,其储层普遍发育灰质砂岩、鲕粒白云岩、白云质砂岩等6类岩性。针对该油田储层岩性复杂、中-深层储层地震资料品质较差、评价井井距大、扇三洲储层表征难度大、储层空间分布认识不清等难点,应用元素俘获谱（ECS）测井、岩心、分析化验和地震等资料,采用井-震联合技术路线,建立了厚层复杂岩性油藏的储层精细表征“四步法”技术体系,即：基于岩石相的储层分类评价技术、基于古地貌分析的沉积模式研究技术、精细等时沉积地层格架的构建方法和基于相控约束的储层预测方法。基于该技术体系,将沙一、沙二段储层纵向精细化为5期砂体,并识别出每期砂体的平面分布,同时预测了不同类型储层的空间展布。据此优化了钻探部署,从降低开发风险、提高投资效益考虑,有针对性地暂缓砂体尖灭位置附近的9口开发井钻探,并优选Ⅰ类储层Ⅰ-2砂层作为优先开发储层。该技术体系可为类似油田的可动用储量分析、层系划分及井网优化等提供技术支撑。     

A survey of the relationship between functional genes and acetaldehyde production characteristics in Streptococcus thermophilus by multilocus sequence typing

Streptococcus thermophilus is an important bacterium used in the production of fermented dairy products. Yogurt with good flavor is preferred by consumers; thus, variation in flavor-formation characteristics among isolates is attracting attention. Here, acetaldehyde production characteristics of 30 isolates were evaluated in parallel with genotyping and multilocus sequence typing of key functional genes involved in acetaldehyde production. The results showed that isolates could be divided into 3 phenotypically distinct groups: high-acetaldehyde-yielding isolates (>10 mg/L), medium-acetaldehyde-yielding isolates (5–10 mg/L) and low-acetaldehyde-yielding (<5 mg/L) based on evaluation of acetaldehyde production during yogurt storage. These groups, distinguishable by phenotypic characteristics, were clustered in corresponding groups based on functional gene multilocus sequence typing analysis. Combining functional gene sequence analysis of 30 Strep. thermophilus isolates with phenotypic evaluation of their flavor-related characteristics (specifically acetaldehyde production) demonstrated that groups of isolates established using genotype data analysis corresponded with groups identified based on their phenotypic traits. Interestingly, the 30 isolates of Strep. thermophilus showed significant phylogenetic clustering in acetaldehyde content by functional gene and acetaldehyde content analysis. A corresponding relationship exists between functional gene phylogenetic clustering and acetaldehyde content variation.     

2017年沙门氏菌能力验证的结果与分析

目的 验证塔里木大学分析测试中心对国家食品安全风险监项目中沙门氏菌检测的技术水平。 方法 实验样品前处理方式按照考核方作业指导书要求进行处理, 沙门氏菌分离鉴定的能力验证工作按照GB4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物检验 沙门氏菌检验》并结合作业指导书进行操作。将生化鉴定结果符合沙门氏菌阳性特征的样品进行血清学鉴定及分型。结果 3 个样品中, 样品1 检出斯坦利沙门氏菌,样品2 检出肯塔基沙门氏菌, 样品3 未检出沙门氏菌, 3 个样品能力验证结果均与组织方一致。结论 通过此次能力验证, 本测试中心的微生物检验能力和沙门氏菌检测技术水平均得到了有效验证和提高, 提升了本实验室的检测能力和可信度。     

辽宁省2018年食源性金黄色葡萄球菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型及毒力基因的研究

目的 了解辽宁省食源性金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素分布情况及基因分型特征。方法 采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PFGE)和肠毒素分型方法在不同角度和层次对2018年辽宁省内分离出的18株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌进行肠毒素检测与PFGE同源性分析。结果 PCR方法及酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)方法对肠毒素结果显示, 18株菌分别存在SEB、SEC、SED、SEH 4种肠毒素, PFGE聚类分析显示, 18株金黄色葡萄球菌相似系数在60.3%~100%之间。结论 金黄色葡萄球菌均可以用PFGE和PCR进行分型, 都具有较好地分型能力, 辨识度高, 对菌株有很好的溯源性。     

Prevalence and diversity of Wolbachia bacteria infecting insect pests of stored products

Wolbachia are common bacterial symbionts of insects. Because infections of these bacteria can alter the reproduction and biology of the host, there is interest in the potential use of Wolbachia to control populations of pest species. To advance this research, we screened 38 species (88 populations from 16 countries) of stored-product insect pests for Wolbachia infections. Infections were detected in nine species of Coleoptera (Anobiidae – Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), Stegobium paniceum (Linnaeus); Curculionidae – Sitophilus oryzae (Motschulsky), Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; Dermestidae – Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), Dermestes lardarius Linnaeus; Silvanidae – Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus); Tenebrionidae – Tribolium confusum Jaquelin Du Val), one species of Hymenoptera (Trichogrammatidae – Trichogramma deion Pinto & Oatman), and one species of Lepidoptera (Pyralidae – Ephestia kuehniella Zeller). Phylogenetic analyses based on wsp gene sequences identified all Wolbachia isolates as members of Supergroups A or B. Additional sequences for the genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, fbpA and ftsZ were obtained for use in multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to identify the sequence types to which the isolates belonged. Our results identify five new Wolbachia-insect associations and support previous findings that infections of Wolbachia in stored-product insect pests are members of Supergroups A or B.     

Yeast diversity during tapping and fermentation of palm wine from Cameroon

In the present study, we have investigated the occurrence of yeast flora during tapping and fermentation of palm wine from Cameroon. The yeast diversity was investigated using both traditional culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Moreover, to characterize the isolates of the predominant yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at the strain level, primers specific for δ sequences and minisatellites of genes encoding the cell wall were used. The results confirm the broad quantitative presence of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria during the palm wine tapping process, and highlight a reduced diversity of yeast species using both dependent and independent methods. Together with the predominant species S. cerevisiae, during the tapping of the palm wine the other species found were Saccharomycodes ludwigii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. In addition, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis detected Hanseniaspora uvarum, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida fermentati and Pichia fermentans. In contrast to the progressive simplification of yeast diversity at the species level, the molecular characterization of the S. cerevisiae isolates at the strain level showed a wide intraspecies biodiversity during the different steps of the tapping process. Indeed, 15 different biotypes were detected using a combination of three primer pairs, which were well distributed in all of the samples collected during the tapping process, indicating that a multistarter fermentation takes place in this particular natural, semi-continuous fermentation process.     

河南省2016—2020年食品污染科瓦利斯沙门氏菌及食源性疾病的溯源状况

目的 研究河南省2016—2020年食品污染科瓦利斯沙门氏菌及食源性疾病的溯源状况。方法 2016—2020年河南省食品中分离出22株科瓦利斯沙门氏菌,从腹泻患者粪便中检出5株科瓦利斯沙门氏菌。参照国家食品安全风险监测手册进行血清分型、药敏试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分子分型,PFGE和药敏数据使用BioNumerics 7.6软件包进行聚类分析。结果 22株科瓦利斯沙门氏菌均来生鲜禽肉食品。从耐药结果来看,食品来源的菌株多重耐药现象不是十分严重,而腹泻患者来源的菌株耐药谱比较复杂,有敏感株存在,也有2株对13种抗生素耐药的超级耐药菌出现;从PFGE分子分型结果来看,同一时期同一区域的食品株之间有相似度很高的现象出现,提示了污染食品在夏季某一区域有聚集的可能。从腹泻患者株和食品株的比对溯源来看,没有食品直接引起的疾病发生,可能是经过一定的传播途径后才致病的。结论 食品安全风险监测数据可以给市场监督提供有效的线索,耐药监测和分子分型技术的普及和应用推动了食源性疾病的溯源和精准化预防,更大限度地实现了疾病预防和保护健康的目标。