Synchronization for IR‐UWB System Using a Switching Phase Detector‐Based Impulse Phase‐Locked Loop

Conventional synchronization algorithms for impulse radio require high‐speed sampling and a precise local clock. Here, a phase‐locked loop (PLL) scheme is introduced to acquire and track periodical impulses. The proposed impulse PLL (iPLL) is analyzed under an ideal Gaussian noise channel and multipath environment. The timing synchronization can be recovered directly from the locked frequency and phase. To make full use of the high harmonics of the received impulses efficiently in synchronization, the switching phase detector is applied in iPLL. It is capable of obtaining higher loop gain without a rise in timing errors. In different environments, simulations verify our analysis and show about one‐tenth of the root mean square errors of conventional impulse synchronizations. The developed iPLL prototype applied in a high‐speed ultra‐wideband transceiver shows its feasibility, low complexity, and high precision.     

1 000 kV皖南-浙北特高压线路工频参数测试干扰及结果分析

特高压线路工频参数测试干扰分析是选择适合工频参数测试方法及测试结果分析的重要基础。测试了1 000 kV皖南-浙北特高压线路正序和零序参数测试期间的干扰电压信号,分析了其频谱特征;在此基础上,通过与正序参数仿真计算值的对比分析了正序参数实际测试偏差。结果表明：皖南-浙北特高压同塔双回线路工频参数测试期间,干扰电压存在“三相不平衡性及时变性”的特点;工频法和异频法2种不同方法得到的线路参数测试结果存在一定差异;干扰电压“时变”时,线路工频参数测试宜采用异频法。     

UHVDC系统故障树分析误差及灵敏度分析

采用故障树(fault tree analysis,FTA)法分析UHVDC系统可靠性及灵敏度。考虑多状态元件同站双极互为备用逻辑关系,建立所有故障方式的故障树。基于串、并联结构,分别建立FTA和状态空间(state space,SS)可靠性分析模型。发现FTA误差,源于对串联系统不当引入多个元件同时故障状态。分别采用FTA和SS法计算UHVDC系统状态概率和灵敏度,量化前者误差。结果证实FTA得到的不可用率确实较SS法偏高,误差与元件个数及元件可用度有关。发现系统故障概率对同一元件修复率和安装率的绝对灵敏度之比,为其安装率和修复率之比的平方,同一元件所有参数相对灵敏度之和为0,据此可大幅降低灵敏度分析计算量。     

Evaluation of a power injection system in the 7‐Tesla MRI environment

The injection of contrast media enables the visualization of various pathologies through X‐ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or other medical imaging modalities. Safety and functionality of power injector systems must be evaluated at high magnetic fields (7‐Tesla). The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI issues for a power injection system (OptiStar Elite MR Contrast Delivery System, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Hazelwood, MO) at 7‐Tesla including magnetic field interaction and 31 injector performance tests. Additionally, effects of operation of the power injection system on MR images were evaluated through observation of image artifacts and signal to noise analysis. The components of the power injection system (powerhead, syringes) exhibited no translational attraction when close to 7‐Tesla MR system. Translational attraction was detected for the power supply, power control, and cables, therefore there is a requirement to maintain these components fixed outside of the 0.1000 Tesla line. 7‐Tesla MR scanning did not impact power injection performance. The power injection system produced no discernible image artifacts or degradation when the power controls and powerhead were positioned in the worst‐case position. The power injection system tested for MRI issues passed evaluation for safety and operation at 7‐Tesla and is labeled MR Conditional for use at 7‐T. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 50–55, 2015     

基于特征性离子快速筛查和识别色胺类新精神活性物质

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法和超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF MS)法分析2015~2019年国内检测发现的11种色胺类新精神活性物质。GC-MS在电子轰击源(EI)模式下采集数据,UPLC-QTOF MS在电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)-碰撞诱导解离(CID)模式下采集数据。通过对目标物质谱裂解产生的特征性离子进行分析,推测了色胺类新精神活性物质可能的碎裂途径,建立了一种快速、便捷筛查和识别色胺类新精神活性物质的方法。     

Ultra‐thin resin embedding method for scanning electron microscopy of individual cells on high and low aspect ratio 3D nanostructures

The preparation of biological cells for either scanning or transmission electron microscopy requires a complex process of fixation, dehydration and drying. Critical point drying is commonly used for samples investigated with a scanning electron beam, whereas resin‐infiltration is typically used for transmission electron microscopy. Critical point drying may cause cracks at the cellular surface and a sponge‐like morphology of nondistinguishable intracellular compartments. Resin‐infiltrated biological samples result in a solid block of resin, which can be further processed by mechanical sectioning, however that does not allow a top view examination of small cell–cell and cell–surface contacts. Here, we propose a method for removing resin excess on biological samples before effective polymerization. In this way the cells result to be embedded in an ultra‐thin layer of epoxy resin. This novel method highlights in contrast to standard methods the imaging of individual cells not only on nanostructured planar surfaces but also on topologically challenging substrates with high aspect ratio three‐dimensional features by scanning electron microscopy.     

超大口径空间光学遥感器的应用和发展

针对空间遥感技术的迅速发展及其对空间探测精度需求的提高,对研制更可行有效的超大口径空间光学遥感器的技术路线开展了研究。介绍了该领域已发射和计划发射的超大口径光学遥感器涉及的发展历史和结构特点,以及它们的研究现状和应用领域,主要包括整体式成像系统、分块可展开成像系统、光学干涉合成孔径成像系统和衍射成像系统等。分析对比了各种传感器的性能特点及现阶段的应用情况。最后,考虑我国高分辨率、高成像质量空间光学遥感器的应用需求,结合当前技术条件以及相关技术的发展趋势,分别针对2~4m大口径系统,4~10m超大口径系统和更大口径系统的成像需求提出了最佳解决方案。     

超轻系列轴承热处理工艺探讨

采用正交试验法研究了加热温度、保温时间、工件冷却时间、搅拌速度等四种因素对61810轴承外圈椭圆变形、硬度和组织的影响。结果表明,套圈硬度和组织均能满足技术要求,工件冷却时间对椭圆变形影响较大,搅拌速度次之。通过试验,确定了61810轴承外圈的最优热处理工艺参数。     

超高速线光斑激光熔覆不锈钢涂层显微结构及性能研究

目的 设计超高速线光斑激光熔覆送粉喷嘴,在极高的熔覆效率和极低的搭接率下制备不锈钢熔覆涂层,对比研究圆光斑及线光斑下的熔覆涂层的微观组织结构及性能。方法 基于送粉喷嘴流场及粉末粒子运动轨迹的模拟研究,设计超高速线光斑激光熔覆专用送粉喷嘴。在此基础上,以27SiMn为基体,采用1 mm´ 10 mm线光斑,在10%搭接率、熔覆效率4.5 m²/h下,采用超高速线光斑激光熔覆FeCr合金薄涂层;作为对比,采用超高速圆形光斑(2 mm)激光在0.2 m²/h熔覆效率下熔覆FeCr合金涂层。采用SEM、XRD对比分析线光斑/圆光斑涂层微观组织结构与涂层显微硬度。结果 通收束角度为25°~27°的单流道送粉喷嘴可得到分布均匀、飞行速度适中的粉末束流。对比研究超高速线光斑及圆光斑激光熔覆涂层可知,相同扫描速度下2种光斑制备的涂层均较为致密,无裂纹与气孔,由熔覆层底部到熔覆层表面均呈现出平面晶—柱状晶—等轴晶的变化趋势,线光斑和圆光斑涂层硬度在700~800HV,线光斑下的熔覆层硬度分布更加均匀,表面粗糙度Ra可低至<4 μm,搭接率可低至10%,熔覆效率可达 4.5 m²/h,远高于圆光斑激光下的熔覆效率。结论 2种光斑模式下的涂层微观组织、相组成及硬度相当,但超高速线光斑激光熔覆层表面光洁度更高,表面粗糙度更低,熔覆效率可达圆光斑的20倍。