啤酒风味麦芽汁饮料的研制

近年来,"健康、环保"逐渐成为食品饮料市场的发展趋势。2010年,中国政府立法严惩酒后驾驶和醉酒驾驶,消费者对无酒精饮料的需求急剧增加,无醇啤酒再度回到人们的视野,并且开始出现了啤酒的替代产品。论文以啤酒麦芽汁制造技术为基础,使用天然麦芽汁,添加适当的风味物质,生产出不含酒精、同时又具有啤酒风味的含碳酸麦芽汁饮料。产品在满足人们享受啤酒美味的需求的同时,更具有麦香浓郁、风格清新、口感独特、营养丰富的特点。实验采用了正交测试的方法,通过多次口味和风味测试,确定了麦芽汁的最优配方,同时成功解决了麦汁后期沉淀、辅助物料苦味、杀口感等问题。论文介绍的啤酒风味麦芽汁饮料生产技术,无需经过发酵,节约能源与设备的投入成本,符合低碳、环保的理念,具有良好的经济效益。     

Phosptiopeptides from Comté Cheese: Nature and Origin

Thirteen low-molecular-weight phosphopeptides were isolated from the water-soluble fraction of Comté cheese. The sample was fractionated and purified by gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The peptide sequences were identified by Edman degradation and primary molecular structure was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The different peptides purified correspond to fragments of the sequence Val13-Lys 28 of β-casein and of the sequence Glu S-Lys 21 of α₃₂ casein. These fragments probably originated from an initial proteolysis of the two caseins by plasmin, followed by further endopeptidase aminopeptidase and, possibly, carboxypeptidase digestions. Partial dephosphorylation of some β-casein fragments was observed. These peptides probably influence the flavor profile of comté cheese.     

羊肉膻味组成及脱膻技术研究进展

本文综述了羊肉膻味的化学成分以及目前国内外常用的羊肉脱膻技术。羊肉膻味物质的化学组成以4-甲基辛酸、4-甲基壬酸等低级支链脂肪酸为主;去除羊肉膻味的方法主要有中国民间脱膻法、物理化学脱膻法、微生物脱膻法等,但目前还没有一种适用于工业化生产的有效方法。     

金属板材激光热成形非期望变形的数值模拟研究

在激光热成形中工件除了产生期望的弯曲变形外,还会产生非期望变形.尽管在常规热成形中可以不予考虑,但对于成形精度要求较高的工件.这些成形误差不仅会影响工件的装配精度,也会严重影响工件的使用寿命.为了减小成形工件的非期望变形,探讨优化的成形工艺,在分析激光热成形中温度分布与不同位置冷态材料对加热区域约束力变化的基础上,揭示出非期望变形的产生机制,并提出两种新的扫描策略.研究结果表明,选用不同的扫描策略,板材的非期望变形量不同.因此,在实际的工业应用中,需要针对不同的成形要求,选用不同的激光扫描策略,以提高工件的成形精度.     

Browning Potential of Liquid Smoke Solutions: Comparison of Two Methods

The color-forming potential of carbonyl compounds from liquid smoke solutions with selected amino acids was determined with a colori-metric procedure used in industry and compared with a color analysis on filter oaoer discs. The two methods provided different evaluations of formed colors. Of the carbonyls tested, glycolaldehyde, methyl-glyoxal and glyoxal showed significant browning potential, while formaldehyde and hydroxyacetone showed very little color formation. Measurement of browning potential of amino acids varied between the procedures. The disc assay procedure enabled better characterization of smoke colors produced.     

Evaluation and ranking DMUs in the presence of both undesirable and ordinal factors in data envelopment analysis

In the last decade,ranking units in data envelopment analysis(DEA) has become the interests of many DEA researchers and a variety of models were developed to rank units with multiple inputs and multiple outputs.These performance factors(inputs and outputs) are classified into two groups:desirable and undesirable.Obviously,undesirable factors in production process should be reduced to improve the performance.Also,some of these data may be known only in terms of ordinal relations.While the models developed in the past are interesting and meaningful,they didn t consider both undesirable and ordinal factors at the same time.In this research,we develop an evaluating model and a ranking model to overcome some deficiencies in the earlier models.This paper incorporates undesirable and ordinal data in DEA and discusses the efficiency evaluation and ranking of decision making units(DMUs) with undesirable and ordinal data.For this purpose,we transform the ordinal data into definite data,and then we consider each undesirable input and output as desirable output and input,respectively.Finally,an application that shows the capability of the proposed method is illustrated.     

Preference for novel flavors in adult Norway Rats ( Rattus norvegicus).

The authors fed rats 1 of 2 distinctively flavored, roughly equipalatable diets for 3 days then offered them an ad libitum choice between the 2 diets. For 3 days, subjects exhibited a reduced relative intake of whichever diet they had previously eaten (Experiment 1). Such reduction in relative intake was as effective as a toxicosis-induced conditioned aversion in determining subjects' food choices (Experiment 2). The strength of exposure-induced reduction in relative intake did not depend on similarity of the 2 diets offered for choice either to each other or to subjects' maintenance diet (Experiment 3) but did require continuous exposure to a diet (Experiment 4). These experiments provide the first evidence of a robust, exposure-induced decrease in food preference in rats lasting for days rather than minutes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Bromophenol Distribution in Salmon and Selected Seafoods of Fresh- and Saltwater Origin

Analysis of saltwater Pacific salmon (Onchorynchus sp.) showed that sufficient concentrations of bromophenols were present in saltwater salmon to provide sea-, brine-, or iodine- like flavor notes, but the compounds were virtually absent in spawning run ocean and prime condition Great Lakes freshwater salmon. Octanol/water partition coefficients revealed that bromophenols would be readily absorbed by fish from the diet. Analysis of marine fish, crustaceans, and molluscs also revealed notable concentrations of bromophenols in all samples. Only sporadic, low concentrations of bromophenols were found in freshwater fish. The data support the hypothesis that simple bromophenols are widely distributed in marine species via the food chain.     

Evaluation of the allocation performance in a fashion retail chain using data envelopment analysis

Efficiency is one of the most important criteria of performance evaluation in any supply chain management, especially in the fashion retail industry. In the fashion industry, products are characterized by short life cycles and demand uncertainty. Most fast-fashion companies have employed the allocation practice that includes initial allocation and multireplenishment to capture the latest market information. Previous studies focus more on optimizing allocation policies, but overlook the efficiency issue, and the models always tend to be complex and are difficult to understand or apply. In this study, we model the allocation process as a multi-stage system with multiple inputs and outputs. A time-based dynamic network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, called multi-stage efficiency model (MEM), is developed to evaluate the allocation performance. The MEM considers undesirable outputs, dual-role factors (inventory as an output at the end of previous stage and the input at the beginning of the next stage) and the inconsistent attributes of the dual-role factors among the multi-stages. Meanwhile, the traditional DEA model is introduced to demonstrate the MEM is essential to capture the allocation performance. Based on the MEM results, the more appropriate initial allocation strategy is identified and the factors affecting allocation performance are discussed. The model is applied to a major Canadian fast-fashion company to validate the effectiveness. This article not only provides valuable managerial insights of supply chain management for fashion companies, but also makes contributions to the industrial application of theoretical OR (operation research) models.     

Correlation of "A unidimensional depression scale for the MMPI" with the SD scale.

Correlations between Dempsey's revised depression scale for the MMPI, D30, and the SD scale were obtained for 3 different samples. The correlations were—.80,—.82, and .—83. For the same 3 samples, the correlations between the original D scale and the SD scale were—.57,—.63, and—.63. The increase in the D30 correlations with the SD scale is interpreted as resulting from the fact that all of the items in the D30 scale are keyed for socially undesirable responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)