下岗失业人员人力资本与创业绩效关系研究——基于西安市的调查分析

以下岗失业人员人力资本为基点,运用因子分析法,将人力资本划分为能力因子,知识因子和经验因子等3个因子．并研究了3个因子与创业绩效之间的关系．得出能力因子与创业绩效显著正相关,而知识因子、经验因子与绩效关系不显著．在此基础上提出,下岗失业人员要想自主创业,提高创业绩效,必需注重再培训．     

Do high levels of home-ownership create unemployment? Introducing the missing link between housing tenure and unemployment

A large number of studies have demonstrated that the proportion of home-owners in a region tend to be positively associated with the unemployment levels in that region. In this paper, we introduce a missing piece of explaining this commonly found pattern. By analysing individual-level population register data on Sweden, we jointly examine the effects of micro- and macro-level home-ownership on individuals’ unemployment. The findings indicate that even though home-owners have a lower probability of being unemployed, there is a penalty for both renters and home-owners on unemployment in regions with high home-ownership rates. Differences in mobility patterns cannot explain this pattern. However, when labour market size is considered, the higher probability of unemployment in high home-owning regions is drastically reduced. This suggests that high home-ownership regions tend to coincide with small labour markets, affecting the job matching process negatively.     

Universities’ effects on regional GDP and unemployment: The case of Germany

There is a large consensus that higher education institutions exert notable effects on their regional environment. So far, however, much of the related evidence is based on case studies. Few findings are available on a more generalizable level. To bridge this gap, our study uses spatial panel‐data models to identify the impacts of higher education institution (HEI) activities on GDP per capita and unemployment in Germany. Beyond demand‐side effects, we seek to identify the, arguably more important, indirect long‐term effects of knowledge generation. Accounting for regional spillovers, we find that on average HEI contributed €8,300 to regional GDP per capita in the period 2000 to 2011. Furthermore, we find that they help to significantly reduce unemployment rates in the long run.     

破解结构性失业难题 切实保障和改善民生——基于湖北省企业用工短缺与结构性失业的调查

由于我国经济体制改革和区域经济结构的的不均衡性,市场因素发生变化与求职者适应这个变化所需的知识结构、专业素质、职场经验、就业观念不匹配,导致出现了职位空缺同时存在大学生的结构性失业。在针对湖北企业的调研基础上,深入研究结构性失业的现象,客观分析现阶段结构性失业的主要类型以及企业用工短缺与结构性失业并存的原因,从劳动力供给和需求层面,科学、辩证地对企业用工短缺与结构性失业进行分析,提出解决企业用工结构性失业问题的措施。     

企业用工短缺与结构性失业的深层原因探析——基于湖北企业的调查

通过对湖北省6市236家企业的调研发现,当前企业缺工与失业主要是结构性的矛盾,由供给结构与需求结构不相一致所导致,其深层原因包括劳动力供给结构性不平衡、企业盈利能力较差等。解决企业用工短缺与结构性失业问题,应结合社会转型、体制机制等影响因素进行综合研究。     

Semiparametric Estimation of the Fractional Differencing Parameter of Measures of the U.K. Unemployment

The order of integration of different measures of the U.K. unemployment is investigated in this paper by means of semiparametric techniques. Several methods, such as the R\S statistic, along with others proposed by Robinson in a number of papers are applied in this article. The methods perform poorly when using the time domain approaches, however, when using the frequency domain procedures, the results are fairly conclusive, with the order of integration of the series fluctuating around 1.50.     

Do homeowners cope better with economic crises in terms of employment? An analysis of micro panel data from Spain, 2004–2013

This paper investigates the effects of housing tenure choice on the employment status of individuals through the empirical estimation of different dynamic panel data models using Spanish data covering the period 2004–2013. I find that there is no sign of any significant spillover effect of the regional homeownership rate on the probability of employment, whereas the average effect on this probability for the lagged housing tenure choice is robust and significantly positive, ranging around two percentage points for the whole homeowners group and for those homeowners with a mortgage outstanding. The effect vanishes for the outright homeowners. Some implications for policies supporting home ownership are briefly discussed.     

The Case of the Disappearing Mill Village: Implications of Industry Change for Building and Sustaining Small Communities

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the implications of industry dynamics for three small communities located in the southern United States. Coping with the economic and social ramifications of the loss of textile manufacturing remains a reality within many parts of the US southern states today, yet very little research has documented how local communities within this region have responded to industry change. Each of the three communities in this study was built around the textile industry, and together they shared a common reliance on manufacturing as an economic foundation. Using a multi-method qualitative approach, this research examines what happened once the manufacturing jobs were no longer available and the textile industry no longer provided the region with the economic support it once did. Data collection included in-depth interviews, review and analysis of public records and newspaper reports, as well as county and company archives. A total of forty-two interviews were conducted with residents in the three communities. Four emergent themes tell the story of how these three communities have changed as a result of changes in the US industry, and what a future without manufacturing means for the people living in them. Based on the findings, the implications of similar textile industry dynamics for communities in countries outside of the United States are discussed.     

“下岗”、“失业”是社会综合症的反映

就业、下岗、失业、再就业是当今中国人的难题和热点话题。从不同方面分析职工下岗、失业的原因,认为它是社会综合症的反映。对此,提出实现就业、再就业的途径     

我国农村剩余劳动力数量测算方法的数理分析

讲座了农村剩余劳动力概念,借助于资源配置优化模型,用严格的数学推导获得了农村剩余劳动力数量的测算方法,并给出了恰当的经济解释。