蜡油加氢-催化裂化组合技术的工业应用

介绍了蜡油加氢-催化裂化（RVHT-FCC）组合技术在中国石化武汉分公司的工业应用情况。工业生产结果表明：RVHT的催化剂级配技术能够很好的改善催化装置的原料,加氢后的催化原料中S,N的脱除率可以达到84.56%和77.27%,RVHT-FCC组合工艺能很好的改善催化装置的产品分布,提高装置总液收,降低催化剂单耗,提高装置的运行指标。     

Integrated Adsorbent Process Optimization for Minimum Cost of Electricity Including Carbon Capture by a VSA Process

Assessing vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) technology for postcombustion CO₂ capture and concentration (CCC) using energy and productivity indicators are useful, but its ultimate test must be the cost of electricity from a power plant including CCC. Here, our integrated optimization platform (Khurana and Farooq, AlChE J. 2017;63:2987–2995) developed earlier to simultaneously obtain the optimum adsorbent and process conditions is extended to include a comprehensive costing framework. The framework is complete with scale-up design and column scheduling, and compliant with National Energy Technology Laboratory costing guidelines for carbon capture. This is the ultimate tool that enables integrated optimization to minimize the cost of electricity. The Shell Cansolv CO₂ capture system is used as the benchmark for evaluating the best performance of two VSA cycles for two adsorbents. The operating conditions and isotherm shapes necessary to achieve the lowest possible cost of electricity for the two VSA cycles are also presented to facilitate designing or searching the best adsorbent for CCC. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 184–195, 2019     

Fabrication of hollow and porous polystyrene fibrous membranes by electrospinning combined with freeze-drying for oil removal from water

A novel method was proposed to fabricate hollow and surface porous polystyrene (PS) fibrous membranes for the removal of oil from water. Spinning solutions were prepared by using camphene and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as pore-forming agents, and hollow PS fibers with 100–400 nm pores on the surface were fabricated by electrospinning and freeze-drying. The distribution and volatilization of camphene and TEOS, as well as the drying behavior of solvents in high relative humidity, were important factors in forming the porous structure of PS fibers. The specific surface area of obtained PS fibrous membranes was twice that of conventional electrospun PS fibrous membranes and displayed superhydrophobic properties. Moreover, the large adsorption storage space was formed due to the hollow structure and porous surface of PS fibers. The maximum oil adsorption capacity of the porous PS fibrous membrane was 105.4 g g⁻¹, and was larger than that of the conventional PS fibrous membrane after repeated five times, thus making it a promising tool for oil spill cleanups. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47262.     

硫酸法钛白粉真空结晶工序余热资源分析与利用

钛白粉生产企业属于高耗能企业,节省能耗是钛白粉生产企业的必由之路。根据国家“十二五”节能规划中的余热余压回收政策,采用吸收式余热回收技术,回收硫酸法钛白粉生产过程中真空结晶工序的余热,使得不能直接利用的低温热能能够提供给水解、包膜等工序的用热需求。以一条12万t/a硫酸法钛白粉生产线为例进行设计,每年可节约标煤1万t以上,起到很好的节能减排效果。     

芒硝真空蒸发冷却结晶介稳区宽度研究

提出了利用溴化锂溶液的强吸湿性,以硫酸钠溶液表面水蒸气压力与溴化锂溶液表面水蒸气压力之差为推动力,实现芒硝真空蒸发冷却结晶的方法。基于此方法研究了芒硝介稳区宽度,并用多元线性回归拟合得到了硫酸钠溶液的超溶解度曲线回归方程。实验结果表明：硫酸钠溶液质量分数为9%~24%,芒硝介稳区宽度随着硫酸钠溶液质量分数的增大呈现先变窄后变宽的趋势;提高结晶器的搅拌转速、增加吸收器内溴化锂溶液的浓度,皆使芒硝介稳区宽度变窄。该研究可为芒硝真空蒸发冷却结晶的工程设计提供参考。     

A New Drying Approach to Enhance Quality of Konjac Glucomannan Extracted from Amorphophallus muelleri

A new drying approach to enhance physical quality of konjac glucomannan extracted from Amorphophallus muelleri was studied. It consisted of a comparison between microwave vacuum drying and conventional hot-air drying. The effects of microwave vacuum drying and hot-air drying on drying kinetics and physical and structural properties such as color, bulk density, particle density, porosity, viscosity, and morphology of konjac glucomannan (KGM) flour were investigated. It can be concluded that microwave vacuum drying significantly reduced drying time and increased porosity of dehydrated products which have a positive effect on the viscosity of the KGM solution. In contrast, it decreased bulk density and particle density when compared with conventional hot-air drying. Microstructure observations revealed the presence of large cavities in the granules of microwave-vacuum-dried KGM samples. However, there was a slight change in color of the microwave-vacuum-dried samples, resulting in a lower whiteness index than the whiteness index of hot-air-dried samples. Hence, microwave vacuum drying was found to have a number of advantages over the conventional hot-air drying method. Therefore, microwave vacuum drying has potential to become a useful drying method for the industrial production of KGM flour.     

减压条件下氯化锌活化油茶果壳活性炭的制备工艺研究

以油茶果壳为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,在减压条件下热裂解制备活性炭。探讨氯化锌溶液的质量分数、体系压力、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响;通过低温氮气吸-脱附表征了样品的比表面积及孔结构,采用红外光谱仪分析了样品的表面官能团。得到制备该活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:氯化锌溶液的质量分数为60%、料液比1∶3(即每毫克固体物料加入3 m L液体物料,下同)、体系压力为0.05 MPa、活化温度为450℃、活化时间为1 h,在该条件下得到的活性炭碘吸附值为1 120 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为373.16 mg/g,比表面积为2 023.15 m2/g,总孔体积为2.34 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.63 nm。减压条件下制备的活性炭具有优良的吸附性能。     

超临界流体干燥技术制备液相色谱填料基质多孔硅球

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶结合超临界CO2干燥制得高纯度微米级液相色谱填料基质多孔硅球。采用BET,TG-DTG,SEM,FT-IR,XRD和激光粒度仪等表征方法对样品进行分析,考察真空干燥(WO)、超临界CO2间歇干燥(SCF-I)和超临界CO2连续干燥(SCF-C)3种干燥工艺的可行性,结果表明,真空干燥、Sc CO2间歇干燥和Sc CO2连续干燥得到的多孔硅球比表面积分别为69.04、268.40和513.41 m2·g-1。采用Sc CO2干燥法能够大幅度提高多孔硅球产品的比表面积。参照色谱填料理论最佳比表面积为300 m2·g-1可知,Sc CO2间歇干燥较Sc CO2连续干燥更适合应用于液相色谱填料基质多孔硅球的制备。Sc CO2间歇干燥法制得硅胶微球球形规则且无团聚现象,孔体积为0.5758 m3·g-1,平均粒径(D50)为3μm,呈典型高斯分布,且分布范围较窄,为1~7μm。     

大型碳纤维结构件用真空导入环氧树脂的对比分析

应用真空导入成型技术制作大型碳纤维复合材料结构件是大型化风电叶片制造技术的一个重要发展方向。由于碳纤维预成型体的可渗透性远远低于玻纤预成型体,因此具有特殊性能的环氧树脂是这一技术成功的关键。本文系统分析了三种专用环氧树脂体系的适用期、固化行为和力学性能,并与普通玻纤用环氧树脂进行了对比。分析结果表明,三种专用树脂的适用期长短不一,但都大于普通树脂;环氧酸酐体系固化过程中性能建立慢的特点,使其在大型结构件的应用中存在风险;预成型体预热有助于获得高纤维体积含量和力学性能更佳的碳纤维复合材料。     

超高真空扩散泵油极限真空测试条件的探讨

探讨了274、275超高真空扩散泵油极限真空测试过程中，除气、循环冷却水温度、冷阱及环境温度等因素对测试结果的影响。结果表明，冷阱对测试结果影响不大，除气、循环冷却水温度及环境温度对测试结果影响极大，必须彻底除气同时将温度控制在10～25℃，才能准确测试出极限真空度。