真空预压法在某软基处理中的应用

结合沿海地区某软土地基处理工程,综合对比了预压固结法中不同的加压系统和排水系统的优缺点,并重点介绍了真空排水预压法的材料选择及施工工艺,为同类软基处理工程提供指导。     

Effect of Lactobacillus cultures on microbiological,chemical and odour changes during storage of rainbow trout fillets

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying two Lactobacillus protective cultures on microbiological, chemical and odour changes during storage of refrigerated vacuum‐packed rainbow trout (Oncorrynchus mykiss) fillets. Lactobacillus sakei CECT 4808 and Lb. curvatus CECT 904^T were inoculated individually or in combination into rainbow trout fillets. The samples were vacuum‐packed and stored at 4 ± 0.5 °C and were assessed during a 20‐day storage period for microbiological (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., lactic acid bacteria (LAB), H₂S‐producing bacteria, yeasts and moulds) and chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, lipid oxidation) parameters and off‐odour. Samples inoculated with Lb. sakei and with both strains had significantly (P≤0.05) lower counts of all microbiological spoilage indicator organisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., H₂S‐producing bacteria, yeasts and moulds) than those inoculated with Lb. curvatus or the controls. All chemical parameters examined and off‐odour scores were also significantly (P≤0.05) improved in the samples inoculated with Lb. sakei or with both strains compared with those inoculated with Lb. curvatus or the controls. Lb. sakei generally showed a better preservative effect (P≤0.05) than the combination of strains. Inoculation with Lb. sakei CECT 4808 could provide an additional hurdle to improve shelf‐life of refrigerated vacuum‐packaged trout fillets, as inoculation with this strain resulted in extension of shelf‐life by 5 days. Furthermore, this strain showed some antioxidative ability, which could retard lipid oxidation in fish. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

山楂蒸馏酒减压蒸馏工艺优化及对风味成分的影响

以山楂为主要原料,经发酵和减压蒸馏工艺加工山楂蒸馏酒。通过单因素和响应面试验考察蒸馏温度、真空度、蒸馏时间对山楂蒸馏酒的酒精度和酸酯总量的影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术对比常压和减压蒸馏山楂酒的主要成分变化。结果表明,山楂蒸馏酒最佳减压蒸馏条件为蒸馏温度76 ℃、真空度0.02 MPa、蒸馏时间20 min。在此优化条件下山楂蒸馏酒的酒精度和酸酯总量达到最优,分别为（45.8±1.21）%vol和（49.4±2.03） mmol/L;相比常压蒸馏,减压蒸馏方式得到的山楂蒸馏酒能较好地富集风味物质。     

新型O2指示剂用于气调包装的研究

利用皂石的反射紫外线作用,在表面活性剂的作用下将亚甲蓝、抗坏血酸引入皂石的层间结构中,从而制成一种新型的氧气指示剂并解决了亚甲蓝易于被光降解的问题,克服了其它变色型氧气指示剂需要避光保存的问题。该氧气指示剂在氧气含量小于0.1%时为红色,当氧气含量上升到0.5%时迅速变为蓝色,具有较灵敏的检测氧气的功能。并且探讨了表面活性剂在氧气指示剂中的作用。     

冷却对熟粽子品质的影响

粽子在蒸煮后需冷却。为了寻找合适的冷却方法,通过真空冷却、冷风冷却、自然冷却3种方式处理煮后的3种速冻粽子,测定这些粽子的品质差异。结果表明:与常规冷却方式相比较,真空冷却速率高(P0.05),冷却损失较高(P0.05)。质构分析表明:真空冷却产品硬度较大(P0.05),而黏着性、弹性、内聚性、胶黏性、咀嚼性和回复性方面没有显著差异(P0.05)。感官分析表明:真空冷却的产品口感虽然不及常规冷却的产品,但在可接受的范围。化学指标分析表明,真空冷却能显著降低菌落总数。电子鼻分析结果表明:豆沙粽子和肉粽子真空冷却与常规冷却的产品挥发性气味显著不同,而对白粽子的影响不显著。真空冷却是一种快速、安全的冷却方法。     

真空冷冻干燥的检测与控制探讨

分析、探讨了真空冷冻干燥设备的检测与控制原理、设置、常见问题及其解决办法，阐述了Pt100铂热电阻、温度巡检仪和真空阻值显示调节仪的矫正与校验，对此类设备的使用、维护有一定的指导和参考意义。     

无糖型茅岩莓速溶茶的加工技术

以茅岩莓 (学名显齿蛇葡萄 )为原料 ,经提取、过滤、真空浓缩得茅岩莓浓缩汁 ,再配以其他原料经干燥而得茅岩莓速溶茶。研究表明 ,茅岩莓提取温度为 85℃ ,提取时间为 2 0min ,加水质量为 1 5倍时 ,所得提取液具有较高的得率和较好的品质 ;当茅岩莓速溶茶的配方为茅岩莓浓缩汁(3 0 % ) :麦芽糊精∶麦芽糖醇 :低聚果糖 :阿斯巴甜∶VC∶柠檬酸∶天然茶香精质量比为 3 5∶2 0∶3 0∶1 0∶0 7∶1∶1 3∶2时 ,采用低温冷冻干燥 ,所得茅岩莓速溶茶产品的溶解性和风味良好。     

马兰和菊花脑真空预冷保鲜技术研究

比较了不同预冷方法和贮藏温度对贮藏期间马兰和菊花脑营养成分和外观的影响。结果表明,真空预冷后低温贮藏效果最好,Vc含量下降少,粗纤维含量增加少,与对照相比可延长保鲜期2d。     

改善真空洗浆机应用性能的探索

针对传统鼓式真空洗浆机在应用过程中存在的问题进行分析和探讨，采用了稳流式搅拌槽、上部插入式加液方法和溢流连续式洗涤装置等措施，改善和提高了真空洗浆机的操作运行性能，取得了较好的使用效果。     

闪蒸对昌黎产区‘马瑟兰’葡萄酒单体酚类物质的影响

以欧亚种酿酒葡萄‘马瑟兰’为试材,研究闪蒸处理对葡萄酒发酵及陈酿过程中单体酚类物质和CIELab色泽参数的影响。结果表明,与传统浸渍发酵（对照组）相比,闪蒸有利于提高发酵过程中多数单体花色苷的质量浓度,但不利于保持陈酿过程中各单体花色苷质量浓度。闪蒸增加了葡萄酒发酵及陈酿过程中槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、儿茶素、反式白藜芦醇及白藜芦醇葡萄糖苷等非花色苷单体酚类物质的质量浓度,但降低了槲皮素、杨梅酮、酚酸类单体酚、顺式白藜芦醇及白皮杉醇等酚类物质的质量浓度。闪蒸处理可降低葡萄酒亮度L*、黄蓝度b*值和色调角hab,显著增加红绿度a*、色度Cab*值,使葡萄酒颜色更红、更深、更耐陈酿,两组葡萄酒间颜色差异明显。结论：闪蒸有利于增加‘马瑟兰’葡萄酒单体酚总质量浓度及葡萄酒颜色的稳定性。